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τετύφλωκεν αὐτῶν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ ἐπώρωσεν αὐτῶν τὴν καρδίαν (John 12:40)

Title:  He Has Blinded Their Eyes and Hardened Their Heart

The text is, “τετύφλωκεν αὐτῶν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ ἐπώρωσεν αὐτῶν τὴν καρδίαν ἵνα μὴ ἴδωσιν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς καὶ νοήσωσιν τῇ καρδίᾳ καὶ στραφῶσιν, καὶ ἰάσομαι αὐτούς”.

“τετύφλωκεν”:  third person, singular, perfect, active, indicative verb meaning “he has blinded”

“αὐτῶν”:  third person, plural, masculine, plural, genitive pronoun meaning “their”.

“τοὺς”:  masculine, plural, accusative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“ὀφθαλμοὺς”:  masculine, plural, accusative noun meaning “eyes”.

“καὶ”:  coordinating conjunction meaning “and”.

“ἐπώρωσεν”:  third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “hardened”.

“αὐτῶν”:  third person, plural, masculine, plural, genitive pronoun meaning “their”.

“τὴν”:  feminine, singular, accusative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“καρδίαν”:  feminine, singular, accusative noun meaning “heart”.

“ἵνα”:  subordinating purposive conjunction meaning “so that”.

“μὴ”:  negative particle meaning “not”.

“ἴδωσιν”:  third person, plural, aorist, active, subjunctive verb meaning “they should see”.

“τοῖς”:  masculine, plural, dative article meaning “with the”.

“ὀφθαλμοῖς”:  masculine, plural, dative noun meaning “eyes”.

“καὶ” coordinating conjunction meaning “and”.

“νοήσωσιν”:  third person, plural, aorist, active, subjunctive verb meaning “they should understand”.

“τῇ”:  feminine, singular, dative article meaning “with the”.

“καρδίᾳ”:  feminine, singular,dative noun meaning “heart”.

“καὶ”:  coordinating conjunction meaning “and”.

“στραφῶσιν”:  third person, plural, aorist, passive, subjunctive verb meaning “they should turn”.

“καὶ”:  coordinating conjunction meaning “and”.

“ἰάσομαι”:  first person, singular, future, middle, indicative verb meaning “I would heal”.

“αὐτούς”:  third person, personal, masculine, plural, accusative pronoun meaning “them”.

The meaning of this verse is,

He has blinded their eyes and hardened their heart, so that they should see with their eyes and understand with their heart, and they should turn, and I would heal them.”

διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἠδύναντο πιστεύειν, ὅτι πάλιν εἶπεν Ἠσαΐας (John 12:39)

Title:  Therefore they Were Not Able to Believe, Because Again Isaiah Said

The text is, “διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἠδύναντο πιστεύειν, ὅτι πάλιν εἶπεν Ἠσαΐας”.

“διὰ”:  preposition taking the accusative for its object word and meaning “therefore”.

“τοῦτο”:  neuter, singular, accusative, demonstrative pronoun meaning “they”.

“οὐκ”:  negative particle meaning “not”.

“ἠδύναντο”:  third person, plural, imperfect, active, indicative verb meaning “were able”.

“πιστεύειν”:  present, active, infinitive verb meaning “to believe”.

“ὅτι”:  subordinating causative conjunction meaning “because”.

“πάλιν”:  adverb meaning “again”.

“εἶπεν”:  third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “said”.

“Ἠσαΐας”:  masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun meaning “Isaiah”.

The meaning of this verse is,

Therefore they were not able to believe, because again Isaiah said,

ἵνα ὁ λόγος Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου πληρωθῇ (John 12:38)

Title:  So That the Word of Isaiah the Prophet Might Be Fulfilled

The text is, “ἵνα ὁ λόγος Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου πληρωθῇ ὃν εἶπεν· κύριε, τίς ἐπίστευσεν τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν; καὶ ὁ βραχίων κυρίου τίνι ἀπεκαλύφθη”.

“ἵνα”:  subordinating conjunction meaning “so that”.

“ὁ”:  masculine, singular, nominative article meaning “the”.

“λόγος”:  masculine, singular, nominative noun meaning “word”.

“Ἠσαΐου”:  masculine, singular, genitive, proper noun meaning “of Isaiah”.

“τοῦ”:  masculine, singular, genitive article meaning “the”.

“προφήτου”:  masculine, singular, genitive noun meaning “prophet”.

“πληρωθῇ”:  third person, singular, aorist, passive, subjunctive verb meaning “might be fulfilled”.

“ὃν”:  masculine, singular, accusative, definite, relative pronoun meaning “who”.

“εἶπεν”:  third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “said”.

“κύριε”:  masculine, singular, vocative noun meaning “Lord”.

“τίς”: masculine, singular, nominative, interrogative pronoun meaning “who”.

“ἐπίστευσεν”:  third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “believed”.

“τῇ”:  feminine, singular, dative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“ἀκοῇ”:  feminine, singular, dative noun meaning “report”.

“ἡμῶν”:  first person, personal, plural, genitive pronoun meaning “our”.

“καὶ”:  coordinating conjunction meaning “and”.

“ὁ”:  masculine, singular, nominative article meaning “the”.

“βραχίων”:  masculine, singular, nominative noun meaning “arm”.

“κυρίου”:  masculine, singular, genitive noun meaning “of the Lord”.

“τίνι”:  masculine, singular, dative, interrogative pronoun meaning “to whom”.

“ἀπεκαλύφθη”:  third person, singular,aorist, passive, indicative verb meaning “has been revealed”.

The meaning of this verse is,

So that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, who said: “Lord, who has believed our report, and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?”

Τοσαῦτα δὲ αὐτοῦ σημεῖα πεποιηκότος ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐπίστευον εἰς αὐτόν (John 12:37)

Title:  Though He Having Done So Many Signs Before Them, They Did Not Believe in Him

The text is, “Τοσαῦτα δὲ αὐτοῦ σημεῖα πεποιηκότος ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐπίστευον εἰς αὐτόν”.

“Τοσαῦτα”:  neuter, plural, accusative, demonstrative pronoun meaning “so many”.

“δὲ”:  coordinating conjunction meaning “though”.

“αὐτοῦ”:  third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun meaning “he”.

“σημεῖα”:  neuter, plural, accusative noun meaning “signs”.

“πεποιηκότος”:  perfect, active, participial, masculine, singular, genitive verb meaning “having done”.

“ἔμπροσθεν”:  preposition taking the genitive for its object word and meaning “before” or “in front of”.

“αὐτῶν”:  third person, personal, masculine, plural, accusative pronoun meaning “them”.

“οὐκ”:  negative particle meaning “not”.

“ἐπίστευον”:  third person, plural, imperfect, active, indicative verb meaning “they did believe”.

“εἰς”:  preposition taking the accusative for its object word and meaning “in”.

“αὐτόν”:  third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun meaning “him”.

The meaning of this verse is,

Though his having so many signs in front of them, they did not believe in him.

ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, πιστεύετε εἰς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα υἱοὶ φωτὸς γένησθε (John 12:36)

Title:  While you Have the Light, You Trust in the Light, So That You Might Become Sons of Light

The text is, “ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε πιστεύετε εἰς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα υἱοὶ φωτὸς γένησθε ταῦτα ἐλάλησεν Ἰησοῦς, καὶ ἀπελθὼν ἐκρύβη ἀπ’ αὐτῶν”.

“ὡς”:  subordinating conjunction meaning “while”.

“τὸ”:  neuter, singular, accusative article meaning “the”.

“φῶς”:  neuter, singular, accusative noun meaning “light”.

“ἔχετε”:  second person, plural, present, active, indicative verb meaning “you have”.

“πιστεύετε”:  second person, plural, present, active, imperative verb meaning “you trust”.

“εἰς”:  preposition taking the accusative for its object word and meaning “in”.

“τὸ”:  neuter, singular, accusative article meaning “the”.

“φῶς”:  neuter, singular, accusative noun meaning “light”.

“ἵνα”:  subordinating purposive conjunction meaning “so that”.

“υἱοὶ”:  masculine, plural, nominative noun meaning “sons”.

“φωτὸς”:  neuter, singular, genitive noun meaning “of light”.

“γένησθε”:  second person, plural, aorist, middle, subjunctive verb meaning “might become”.

“ταῦτα”: neuter, plural, accusative, demonstrative pronoun meaning “these things”.

“ἐλάλησεν”:  third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “said”.

“Ἰησοῦς”:  masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun meaning “Jesus”.

“καὶ”:  coordinating conjunction meaning “and”.

“ἀπελθὼν”:  aorist, active, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb meaning “having departed”.

“ἐκρύβη”:  third person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb meaning “hid”.

“ἀπ’”:  preposition taking the genitive for its object word and meaning “from”.

“αὐτῶν”:  third person, personal, masculine, plural genitive pronoun meaning “them”.

The meaning of this verse is,

While you have the light, you trust in the light, so that you might become sons of light.”  Jesus said these things and, having departed, hid from them.

εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον τὸ φῶς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστιν (John 12:35)

Title:  Jesus Said to Them, “Yet a Little While the Light is in You People”

The text is, “εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον τὸ φῶς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστιν περιπατεῖτε ὡς τὸ φῶς ἔχετε, ἵνα μὴ σκοτία ὑμᾶς καταλάβῃ καὶ ὁ περιπατῶν ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ οὐκ οἶδεν ποῦ ὑπάγει”.

“εἶπεν”:  third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “said”.

“οὖν”:  coordinating inferential conjunction meaning “so”.

“αὐτοῖς”:  third person, personal, masculine, plural, dative pronoun meaning “to them”.

“ὁ”:  masculine, singular, nominative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“Ἰησοῦς”:  masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun meaning “Jesus”.

“ἔτι”:  temporal adverb meaning “yet” or “longer”.

“μικρὸν”:  masculine, singular, accusative adjective meaning “a little”.

“χρόνον”:  masculine, singular, accusative noun meaning “time” or “while”.

“τὸ”:  neuter, singular, nominative article meaning “the”.

“φῶς”:  neuter, singular, accusative noun meaning “light”.

“ἐν”:  preposition taking the dative for its object word and meaning “in”.

“ὑμῖν”:  second person, personal, plural, dative pronoun meaning “you people”.

“ἐστιν”:  third person, singular, present, indicative verb meaning “is”.

“περιπατεῖτε”:  second person, plural, present, active, imperative verb meaning “you people walk”.

“ὡς”:  subordinating conjunction meaning “while”.

“τὸ”:  neuter, singular, accusative article meaning “the”.

“φῶς”:  neuter, singular, accusative noun meaning “light”.

“ἔχετε”:  second person, plural, present, active, indicative verb meaning “you have”.

“ἵνα”:  subordinating purposive conjunction meaning “so that”.

“μὴ”:  negative particle meaning “not”.

“σκοτία”:  feminine, singular, dative noun meaning “darkness”.

“ὑμᾶς”:  second person, personal, plural, accusative pronoun meaning “you”.

“καταλάβῃ”:  third person, singular, aorist, active, subjunctive verb meaning “should not overtake”.

“καὶ”:  coordinating conjunction meaning “but”.

“ὁ”:  masculine, singular, nominative article meaning “the”.

“περιπατῶν”:  present, active, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb meaning “one  walking around”.

“ἐν”:  preposition taking the dative for its object word and meaning “in”.

“τῇ”:  feminine, singular, dative article meaning “the”.

“σκοτίᾳ”:  feminine, singular, dative noun meaning “darkness”.

“οὐκ”:  negative particle meaning “not”.

“οἶδεν”:  third person, singular, perfect, active, indicative verb meaning “does know”.

“ποῦ”:  interrogative particle meaning “where”.

“ὑπάγει”:  third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb meaning “he is going”.

The meaning of this verse is,

Jesus said to them, “Yet a little while the light is in you people.  You people, walk while you have the light, so that the darkness should not overtake you, but the one walking around in the darkness does not know where he is going.”

Ἀπεκρίθη οὖν αὐτῷ ὁ ὄχλος ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν ἐκ τοῦ νόμου ὅτι ὁ χριστὸς μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα (John 12:34)

Title:  So the Crowd Answered Him, “We Have Heard that the Christ Remains Into Eternity

The text is, “Ἀπεκρίθη οὖν αὐτῷ ὁ ὄχλος ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν ἐκ τοῦ νόμου ὅτι ὁ χριστὸς μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, καὶ πῶς λέγεις σὺ ὅτι δεῖ ὑψωθῆναι τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου; τίς ἐστιν οὗτος ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου”.

“Ἀπεκρίθη”:  third person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb meaning “answered”.

“οὖν”:  coordinating inferential conjunction meaning “so”.

“αὐτῷ”: third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun meaning “him”.

“ὁ”:  masculine, singular, nominative article meaning “the”.

“ὄχλος”:  masculine, singular, nominative noun meaning “crowd”.

“ἡμεῖς”:  first person, personal, plural, nominative pronoun meaning “we”.

“ἠκούσαμεν”:  first person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “heard”.

“ἐκ”: preposition taking the genitive for its object word and meaning “from” or “out of”.

“τοῦ”:  masculine, singular, genitive article meaning “the”.

“νόμου”:  masculine, singular,genitive noun meaning “law”.

“ὅτι”:  subordinating complementary conjunction meaning “that”.

“ὁ”:  masculine, singular, nominative article meaning “the”.

“χριστὸς”:  masculine, singular, nominative noun meaning “Christ”.

“μένει”:  third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb meaning “remains”.

“εἰς”:  preposition taking the accusative for its object word and meaning “into”.

“τὸν”:  masculine, singular, accusative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“αἰῶνα”:  masculine, singular, accusative noun meaning “eternity”.

“καὶ”:  coordinating conjunction meaning “but”.

“πῶς”:  interrogative particle meaning “how”.

“λέγεις”:  second person, singular, present, active, indicative verb meaning “can say”.

“σὺ”:  second person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun meaning “you”.

“ὅτι”:  subordinating complementary conjunction meaning “that”.

“δεῖ”:  third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb meaning “it is necessary”.

“ὑψωθῆναι”:  aorist, passive, infinitive verb meaning “to be lifted up”.

“τὸν”:  masculine, singular, accusative article meaning “the”.

“υἱὸν”:  masculine, singular, accusative noun meaning “son”.

“τοῦ”:  masculine, singular, genitive article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“ἀνθρώπου”:  masculine, singular, genitive noun meaning “of man”.

“τίς”:  masculine, singular, nominative, interrogative pronoun meaning “who”.

“ἐστιν”:  third person, singular, present, indicative verb meaning “is”.

“οὗτος”:  masculine, singular, nominative, demonstrative pronoun meaning “this”.

“ὁ”:  masculine, singular, nominative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“υἱὸς”:  masculine, singular, nominative noun meaning “son”.

“τοῦ”:  masculine, singular, genitive article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“ἀνθρώπου”:  masculine, singular, genitive noun meaning “of man”.

The meaning of this verse is,

The crowd answered him, “We have heard from the law that the Christ remains into eternity.  But how can you say that it is necessary the son of man to be lifted up?  Who is this son of man?”

τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγεν σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ ἤμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν (John 12:33)

Title:  Now He Was Saying this Making Known What Kind of Death He Was About to Die

The text is, “τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγεν σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ ἤμελλεν ἀποθνῄσκειν”.

“τοῦτο”:  neuter, singular, accusative, demonstrative pronoun meaning “this”.

“δὲ”:  coordinating conjunction meaning “now”.

“ἔλεγεν”:  third person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb meaning “he was saying”.

“σημαίνων”:  present, active, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb meaning “making known”.

“ποίῳ”:  masculine, singular, dative, interrogative pronoun meaning “what kind of”.

“θανάτῳ”:  masculine, singular, dative noun meaning “death”.

“ἤμελλεν”:  third person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb meaning “he was about”.

“ἀποθνῄσκειν”:  present, active, infinitive verb meaning “to die”.

The meaning of this verse is,

Now he was saying this making known what kind of death he was about to die.

κἀγὼ ἐὰν ὑψωθῶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς πάντας ἑλκύσω πρὸς ἐμαυτόν (John 12:32)

Title:  And I, When I Shall be Lifted Up From the Earth, Will Lead All to Myself

The text is, “κἀγὼ ἐὰν ὑψωθῶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς πάντας ἑλκύσω πρὸς ἐμαυτόν”.

“κἀγὼ”:  crasis of “καὶ” (coordinating conjunction)  and “‘έγω” (first person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun), meaning “and I”.

“ἐὰν”:  subordinating conditional conjunction meaning “when”.

“ὑψωθῶ”:  first person, singular, aorist, passive, subjunctive verb meaning “shall be lifted up”.

“ἐκ”:  preposition taking the genitive for its object word and meaning “from” or “out of”.

“τῆς”:  feminine, singular, genitive article meaning “the”.

“γῆς”:  feminine, singular, genitive noun meaning “earth”.

“πάντας”:  masculine, plural, accusative adjective meaning “all”.

“ἑλκύσω”:  first person, singular, future, active, indicative verb meaning “I will lead”.

“πρὸς”:  preposition taking the accusative for its object word and meaning “to”.

“ἐμαυτόν”:  first person, masculine, singular, accusative, reflexive pronoun meaning “myself”.

The meaning of this verse is,

And I, when I shall be lifted up from the earth, will draw all to myself.”

νῦν κρίσις ἐστὶν τοῦ κόσμου τούτου νῦν ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου ἐκβληθήσεται ἔξω (John 12:31)

Title:  Now is the Judgment of This World, Now the Ruler of This World Will Be Cast Away, Out

The text is, “νῦν κρίσις ἐστὶν τοῦ κόσμου τούτου νῦν ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου ἐκβληθήσεται ἔξω”.

“νῦν”:  temporal adverb meaning “now”.

“κρίσις”:  feminine, singular, nominative noun meaning “judgment”.

“ἐστὶν”:  third person, singular, present, indicative verb meaning “is”.

“τοῦ”:  masculine, singular, genitive article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“κόσμου”:  masculine, singular, genitive noun meaning “world”.

“τούτου”:  masculine, singular, genitive, demonstrative pronoun meaning “this”.

“νῦν”:  temporal adverb meaning “now”.

“ὁ”:  masculine, singular, nominative article meaning “the”.

“ἄρχων”:  masculine, singular, nominative noun meaning “ruler”.

“τοῦ”:  masculine, singular, genitive article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“κόσμου”:  masculine, singular, genitive noun meaning “world”.

“τούτου”:  masculine, singular, genitive, demonstrative pronoun meaning “of this”.

“ἐκβληθήσεται”:  third person, singular, future, active, indicative verb meaning “will be sent away”.

“ἔξω”:  adverb of place meaning “out”.

The meaning of this verse is,

Now is the judgment of this world, now the ruler of this world will be cast away, out.”