λέγει οὖν ὁ μαθητὴς ἐκεῖνος ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ Πέτρῳ· ὁ κύριός ἐστιν (John 21:7)

Title: Thereupon, the Disciple Whom Jesus Loved Said to Peter, “It is the Lord.”

The text is, “λέγει οὖν ὁ μαθητὴς ἐκεῖνος ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ Πέτρῳ· ὁ κύριός ἐστιν Σίμων οὖν Πέτρος ἀκούσας ὅτι ὁ κύριός ἐστιν τὸν ἐπενδύτην διεζώσατο ἦν γὰρ γυμνός καὶ ἔβαλεν ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν”.

λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active indicative verb -> says CER* said

οὖν -> coordinating inferential conjunction -> thereupon

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

μαθητὴς -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> disciple

ἐκεῖνος -> masculine, singular, nominative, demonstrative pronoun -> that NRIEH

ὃν -> masculine, singular, accusative, definite, relative pronoun -> whom

ἠγάπα -> third person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb -> loved

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH**

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

τῷ -> masculine, singular, dative article -> the NRIEH

Πέτρῳ -> masculine, singular, dative, proper noun -> to Peter

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

κύριός -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> Lord

ἐστιν -> third person, singular, present, indicative verb -> it is

Σίμων -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Simon

οὖν -> coordinating inferential conjunction -> thus | when

Πέτρος -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Peter

ἀκούσας -> aorist, active, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> having heard

ὅτι -> subordinating complementary conjunction -> that

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

κύριός -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> Lord

ἐστιν -> third person, singular, present, indicative verb -> it is CER it was

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the

ἐπενδύτην -> masculine, singular, accusative noun -> outer garment

διεζώσατο -> third person, singular, aorist, middle,indicative verb -> he donned

ἦν -> third person, singular, imperfect, indicative verb -> he was

γὰρ -> coordinating explanatory conjunction -> because

γυμνός -> masculine, singular, nominative adjective -> naked

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

ἔβαλεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> threw

ἑαυτὸν -> third person, masculine, singular, reflexive pronoun -> himself

εἰς -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> into

τὴν -> feminine, singular, accusative article -> the

θάλασσαν -> feminine, singular, accusative noun -> sea

The meaning of this verse is,

Thereupon, the disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter, “It is the Lord.” When Simon Peter, having heard that it was the Lord, he donned the outer garment, because he was naked, and threw himself into the sea.

*CER: indicates a non-literal, but good translation. In the first example here, the verb “ἔρχεται” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past. The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

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Ὃ ἦν ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς, ὃ ἀκηκόαμεν, ὃ ἑωράκαμεν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν (I John 1:1)

Title: What Was From the Beginning, What We Have Heard, What We Beheld With Our Eyes

The text is, “Ὃ ἦν ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς, ὃ ἀκηκόαμεν, ὃ ἑωράκαμεν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν, ὃ ἐθεασάμεθα καὶ αἱ χεῖρες ἡμῶν ἐψηλάφησαν περὶ τοῦ λόγου τῆς ζωῆς”.

Ὃ -> neuter, singular,nominative, definite, relative, pronoun-> what

ἦν -> third person, singular, imperfect, indicative verb -> was

ἀπ’ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> from

ἀρχῆς -> feminine, singular, genitive noun -> beginning

ὃ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

ἀκηκόαμεν -> first person, plural, perfect, active, indicative verb -> we have heard

ὃ -> neuter, singular, nominative, definite, relative pronoun -> what

ἑωράκαμεν -> first person, plural, perfect, active, indicative verb -> we have seen

τοῖς -> masculine, plural, dative article -> which INRIEH*

ὀφθαλμοῖς -> masculine, plural, dative noun – with eyes

ἡμῶν -> irst person, personal, plural, genitive pronoun – our

ὃ -> neuter, singular, nominative, definite, relative pronoun -> which

ἐθεασάμεθα -> first person, plural, aorist, middle, indicative verb -> we beheld

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

αἱ -> feminine, plural, nominative article -> which

χεῖρες -> feminine, plural, nominative noun -> hands

ἡμῶν -> first person, personal, plural, genitive pronoun -> our

ἐψηλάφησαν -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> felt | touched

περὶ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> concerning

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the

λόγου -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> word

τῆς -> feminine, singular, genitive article -> the INRIEH

ζωῆς -> feminine, singular, genitive noun -> of life

The meaning of this verse is,

What was from the beginning, what we have heard, what we beheld with our eyes, and which our hands have touched concerning the word of life,

*NRIEH: For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Posted in: Christianity, I-III John and Jude, New Testament Translation, Uncategorized

ἔλαβον τὰ βαΐα τῶν φοινίκων καὶ ἐξῆλθον εἰς ὑπάντησιν αὐτῷ (John 12:13)

Title: They Took Branches of the Palm Trees and Came Out to a Meeting With Him

The text is, “ἔλαβον τὰ βαΐα τῶν φοινίκων καὶ ἐξῆλθον εἰς ὑπάντησιν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐκραύγαζον
ὡσαννά
εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου
καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ”.

“ἔλαβον”: third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “they took”.

“τὰ”: neuter, plural, accusative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“βαΐα”: neuter, plural, accusative noun meaning “branches”.

“τῶν”: masculine, plural, genitive article meaning “of the”.

“φοινίκων”: masculine, plural, genitive noun meaning “palm trees”.

“καὶ”: coordinating conjunction meaning “and”.

“ἐξῆλθον”: third person, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “came out”.

“εἰς”: preposition taking the accusative for its object word and meaning “for” or “to”.

“ὑπάντησιν”: feminine, singular, accusative noun meaning “a meeting”.

“αὐτῷ”: third person, personal, masculine, singular,dative pronoun meaning “with him”.

“καὶ”: coordinating conjunction meaning “and”.

“ἐκραύγαζον”: third person, plural, imperfect, active, indicative verb meaning “were exclaiming”.

“ὡσαννά”: Hebraicized particle meaning “Hosanna!

“εὐλογημένος”: perfect, middle, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb meaning “blessed”.

“ὁ”: masculine, singular, nominative article meaning “the”.

“ἐρχόμενος”: present, middle, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb meaning “is one coming”.

“ἐν”: preposition taking the dative for its object word and meaning “in”.

“ὀνόματι”: neuter, singular, dative noun meaning “the name”.

“κυρίου”: masculine, singular, genitive noun meaning “of the Lord”.

“καὶ”: coordinating conjunction meaning “and”.

“ὁ”: masculine, singular, nominative article meaning “the”.

“βασιλεὺς”: masculine, singular, nominative noun meaning “King”.

“τοῦ” masculine, singular, genitive article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“Ἰσραήλ”: masculine, singular, genitive, proper noun meaning “of Israel”.

The meaning of this verse is,

They took branches of the palm trees and came out to a meeting with him, and were exclaiming, “Blessed is the one coming in the name of the Lord, and the King of Israel.”

Posted in: Christianity, Uncategorized

ταῦτα δὲ εἰπὼν αὐτὸς ἔμεινεν ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ (John 7:9)

Title: Now Having Said These Things He Stayed in Galilee

The text is, “ταῦτα δὲ εἰπὼν αὐτὸς ἔμεινεν ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ”.

“ταῦτα”: neuter, plural, accusative, demonstrative pronoun meaning “these things”.

“δὲ”: coordinating conjunction meaning “now”.

“εἰπὼν”: aorist, active, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb meaning “having said”.

“αὐτὸς”: third person, personal, masculine, singular, nominative pronoun meaning “he”.

“ἔμεινεν”: third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “stayed”.

“ἐν”: preposition taking the dative for its object word and meaning “in”.

“τῇ”: feminine, singular, dative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“Γαλιλαίᾳ”: feminine, singular, dative, proper noun meaning “Galilee”.

The meaning of this verse is,

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ὑμεῖς ἀνάβητε εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν (John 7:8)

Title: You Go Up to the Festival

The text is, “ὑμεῖς ἀνάβητε εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν· ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀναβαίνω εἰς τὴν ἑορτὴν ταύτην, ὅτι ὁ ἐμὸς καιρὸς οὔπω πεπλήρωται”.

“ὑμεῖς”: second person, personal, plural, nominative pronoun meaning “you”.

“ἀνάβητε”: second person, plural, aorist, active, imperative verb meaning “go up”.

“εἰς”: preposition taking the accusative for its object word and meaning “to”.

“τὴν”: feminine, singular, accusative article meaning “the”.

“ἑορτήν”: feminine, singular, accusative noun meaning “feast”.

“ἐγὼ”: first person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun meaning “I”.

“οὐκ”: negative particle meaning “not”.

“ἀναβαίνω”: first person, singular, present, active, indicative verb meaning “go up”.

“εἰς”: preposition taking the accusative for its object word and meaning “to”.

“τὴν”: feminine, singular, accusative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“ἑορτὴν”: feminine, singular, accusative noun meaning “feast”.

“ταύτην”: feminine, singular, accusative, demonstrative pronoun meaning “this”.

“ὅτι”: subordinating causative conjunction meaning “for”.

“ὁ”: masculine, singular, nominative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“ἐμὸς”: first person, personal, singular, nominative, possessive adjective meaning “my”

“καιρὸς”: masculine, singular, nominative noun meaning “time”.

“οὔπω”: temporal adverb meaning “not yet”.

“πεπλήρωται”: third person, singular, perfect, passive, indicative verb meaning “has been fulfilled”.

The meaning of this verse is,

You go up to the feast. I go not up to this feast, for my time is not yet been fulfilled.”

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εἶπον οὖν πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ (John 7:3)

Title: So His Brothers Said to Him

The text is, “εἶπον οὖν πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ· μετάβηθι ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ὕπαγε εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν, ἵνα καὶ οἱ μαθηταί σου θεωρήσουσιν σοῦ τὰ ἔργα ἃ ποιεῖς”.

“εἶπον”: third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “said”.

“οὖν”: coordinating inferential conjunction meaning “so”.

“πρὸς”: preposition taking the accusative for its object word and meaning “to”.

“αὐτὸν”: third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun meaning “him”.

“οἱ”: masculine, plural, nominative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“ἀδελφοὶ”: masculine, plural, nominative noun meaning “brothers”.

“αὐτοῦ”: third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun meaning “his”.

“μετάβηθι”: second person, singular, aorist, active, imperative verb meaning “leave”.

“ἐντεῦθεν”: adverb of place meaning “this place”.

“καὶ”: coordinating conjunction meaning “and”.

“ὕπαγε”: second person, singular, present, active, imperative verb meaning “go away”.

“εἰς”: preposition taking the accusative for its object word and meaning “to”.

“τὴν”: feminine, singular, accusative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“Ἰουδαίαν”: feminine, singular, accusative, proper noun meaning “Judea”.

“ἵνα”: subordinating purposive conjunction meaning “so that”.

“καὶ”: coordinating conjunction meaning “also”.

“οἱ”: masculine, plural, nominative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“μαθηταί”: masculine, plural, nominative noun meaning “disciples”.

“σου”: second person, personal, singular, genitive pronoun meaning “your”.

“θεωρήσουσιν”: third person, plural, future, active, indicative verb meaning “will see”.

“σοῦ”: second person, personal, singular, genitive pronoun meaning “your”.

“τὰ”: neuter, plural, accusative article meaning “the” but it is not rendered into English here.

“ἔργα”: neuter, plural, accusative noun meaning “works”.

“ἃ”: neuter, plural, accusative, definite, relative pronoun meaning “that”.

“ποιεῖς”: second person, singular, present, active, indicative verb meaning “you do”.

The meaning of this verse is,

So his brothers said to him, “Leave this place and go away to Judea, so that your disciples also will see the works that you do.”

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κἀγὼ οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτό (John 1:31)

Title: And I Did Not Know Him

The text is, “κἀγὼ οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτόν, ἀλλ’ ἵνα φανερωθῇ τῷ Ἰσραὴλ διὰ τοῦτο ἦλθον ἐγὼ ἐν ὕδατι βαπτίζω

κἀγὼ -> crasis combining the coordinating conjunction -> and with the first person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun -> I-> and I

οὐκ -> negative particle -> not

ᾔδειν -> first person, singular, pluperfect (acting as an aorist), active, indicative verb -> did know

αὐτόν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> him

ἀλλ -> n adversative coordinating conjunction -> rather

ἵνα -> coordinating conjunction of purpose -> so that

φανερωθῇ -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, subjunctive verb -> he might be revealed

τῷ → masculine singular dative article -> to

Ἰσραὴλ -> masculine, singular, dative, proper noun -> Israel

διὰ -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word, and -> because

τοῦτο -> neuter, singular, accusative, demonstrative pronoun -> of this

ἦλθον -> first person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> came

ἐγὼ -> first person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun -> I

ἐν -> preposition taking the dative for its object word, and -> in

ὕδατι -> neuter, singular, dative noun -> water

βαπτίζων -> present, active, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> baptizing

The meaning of this verse is

And I did not know him, rather so that he might be revealed to Israel, because of this I came baptizing in water.”

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Καὶ ἐμαρτύρησεν Ἰωάννης λέγων ὅτι τεθέαμαι τὸ πνεῦμα καταβαῖνον ὡς περιστερὰν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ (John 1:32)

Title: And John Witnessed, Saying, “Because I Saw the Spirit Descending From Heaven, and it Remained on Him”

The text is, “Καὶ ἐμαρτύρησεν Ἰωάννης λέγων ὅτι τεθέαμαι τὸ πνεῦμα καταβαῖνον ὡς περιστερὰν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἔμεινεν ἐπ’ αὐτόν

“Καὶ” is a coordinating additive conjunction meaning “and”.

“ἐμαρτύρησεν” is a third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “witnessed”.

“Ἰωάννης” is a third person, singular, masculine, nominative, proper noun meaning “John”.

“λέγων” is a present, active,participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb meaning “saying”.

“ὅτι” is a recitative, subordinating conjunction meaning “because”.

“τεθέαμαι” is a first person, singular, perfect, middle, indicative verb meaning “I saw”.

“τὸ” is a neuter, singular, accusative article meaning “the”.

“πνεῦμα” is a neuter, singular, accusative noun meaning “spirit”.

“καταβαῖνον” is a present, active, participial, neuter, singular, accusative verb meaning “descending”.

“ὡς” is a particle meaning “like”.

“περιστερὰν” is a feminine, singular, accusative noun meaning “a , dove”.

“ἐξ” is a preposition taking the genitive for its object word and meaning “from”.

“οὐρανοῦ” is a masculine, singular, genitive noun meaning “heaven”.

“καὶ” is a coordinating additive conjunction meaning “and”.

“ἔμεινεν” is a third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb meaning “it remained”

“ἐπ” is a preposition taking the accusative for its object word and meaning “on” or “upon”.

“αὐτόν” is a third person, personal, masculine singular, accusative pronoun meaning “him”.

The meaning of this verse is,

“And John witnessed, saying, “Because I saw the spirit descending from heaven and it remained on him.”

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λέγει οὖν ὁ μαθητὴς ἐκεῖνος ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ Πέτρῳ· ὁ κύριός ἐστιν (John 21:7)

Ὃ ἦν ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς, ὃ ἀκηκόαμεν, ὃ ἑωράκαμεν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ἡμῶν (I John 1:1)

ἔλαβον τὰ βαΐα τῶν φοινίκων καὶ ἐξῆλθον εἰς ὑπάντησιν αὐτῷ (John 12:13)

ταῦτα δὲ εἰπὼν αὐτὸς ἔμεινεν ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ (John 7:9)

ὑμεῖς ἀνάβητε εἰς τὴν ἑορτήν (John 7:8)

εἶπον οὖν πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ (John 7:3)

κἀγὼ οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτό (John 1:31)

Καὶ ἐμαρτύρησεν Ἰωάννης λέγων ὅτι τεθέαμαι τὸ πνεῦμα καταβαῖνον ὡς περιστερὰν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ (John 1:32)

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