Title -> Nicodemus Said to Him

The text is, “Λέγει πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Νικόδημος πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος γεννηθῆναι γέρων ὤν; μὴ δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ δεύτερον εἰσελθεῖν καὶ γεννηθῆναι”

Λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> > “says’ CER* said

πρὸς -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> > to

αὐτὸν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> > him

[ὁ] -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> > the NRIEH**

Νικόδημος -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> > Nicodemus

πῶς -> interrogative particle -> > how

δύναται -> third person, singular, present, active indicative verb -> > can

ἄνθρωπος -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> > a man

γεννηθῆναι -> aorist, passive, infinitive verb -> > be born

γέρων -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> > an old man

ὤν -> present, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> > being

μὴ -> negative particle -> > unless

δύναται -> third person, singular, present, passive, indicative verb -> > he can

εἰς -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> > into

τὴν -> feminine, singular, accusative article -> > the

κοιλίαν -> feminine, singular, accusative noun -> > womb

τῆς -> feminine, singular, genitive article -> > the but it is not rendered into English here

μητρὸς -> feminine, singular, genitive noun -> > mother

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> > of his

δεύτερον -> adverb -> > a second time

εἰσελθεῖν -> aorist, indicative, infinitive verb -> > enter

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> > and NRIEH

γεννηθῆναι -> aorist, passive, infinitive verb -> > be born

The meaning of this verse is,

“Nicodemus said to him, ‘How can a man be born, being an old man, unless he can a second time enter the womb of his mother to be born?’”

*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the first example here, the verb “ἔρχεται” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past.  The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title -> Jesus Answered and Said to Him

The text is, “ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν οὐ δύναται ἰδεῖν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ”.

ἀπεκρίθη -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb -> answered

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

εἶπεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

ἀμὴν -> Hebraicized particle -> truly

ἀμὴν -> Hebraicized particle -> truly

λέγω -> first person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> I tell

σοι -> second person, personal, singular, dative pronoun -> you

ἐὰν -> conditional subordinating conjunction -> unless

μή -> negative particle -> lest

τις -> masculine, singular, nominative, indefinite pronoun → someone

γεννηθῇ -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, subjunctive verb -> were born

ἄνωθεν -> adverb of place -> from above or temporal adverb -> again

οὐ -> negative particle -> not

δύναται -> third person, singular, present, passive, indicative verb -> he is able

ἰδεῖν -> aorist, active, infinitive verb -> to see

τὴν -> feminine, singular, accusative article -> the

βασιλείαν -> feminine, singular, accusative noun -> kingdom

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the, NRIEH**

θεοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> of God

The meaning of this verse is, Jesus replied and said to him, ‘Truly, truly, I tell you, unless someone were born from above, he is not able to see the kingdom of God.'”

**NRIEH: For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  This One Came to Jesus

The text is, “οὗτος ἦλθεν πρὸς αὐτὸν νυκτὸς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ῥαββί, οἴδαμεν ὅτι ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐλήλυθας διδάσκαλος· οὐδεὶς γὰρ δύναται ταῦτα τὰ σημεῖα ποιεῖν ἃ σὺ ποιεῖς ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ ὁ θεὸς μετ’ αὐτου”.

οὗτος -> masculine, singular, nominative, demonstrative pronoun -> this one

ἦλθεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> came

πρὸς -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> to

αὐτὸν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> him

νυκτὸς -> feminine, singular, genitive noun -> at night

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

εἶπεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

ῥαββί -> Hebraicized particle -> Rabbi

οἴδαμεν -> first person, plural, perfect, active, indicative verb -> we know

ὅτι -> subordinating conjunction -> that

ἀπὸ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> from

θεοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> God

ἐλήλυθας -> second person, singular, perfect, active, indicative verb -> you are come

διδάσκαλος -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> a teacher

οὐδεὶς -> masculine, singular, nominative, indefinite adjective -> no one

γὰρ -> coordinating explanatory conjunction -> for

δύναται -> third person, singular, present, passive, indicative verb -> is able

ταῦτα -> neuter, plural, accusative, demonstrative pronoun -> these things

τὰ -> neuter, plural, accusative article -> that

σημεῖα -> neuter, plural, accusative noun -> signs

ποιεῖν -> present, active, infinitive verb -> to do

ἃ -> neuter, plural, accusative, relative, definite pronoun -> that

σὺ -> second person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun -> you

ποιεῖς -> second person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> do

ἐὰν -> subordinating conditional conjunction -> unless

μὴ -> negative particle -> lest

ᾖ -> third person, singular, present, subjunctive verb -> he is

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH**

θεὸς: masculine, singular, nominative noun -> God

μετ’ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> with

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> him

The meaning of this verse is, “This one came to him at night and said to him, ‘Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher come from God, that no one is able to do these things, the signs that you do, unless God is with him.’”

==========

Note: The confusion borne by the unless unless or unless lest pairing in the final clause, arises from the fact that the first word is ἐὰν, a conditional subordinating conjunction which is sometimes used as an indicator for a subjunctive mood verb, as it is used here, while the word μὴ is a negative particle meaning little more than no or not, but not always, as it also can be used as a conjunction. I have chosen to translate ἐὰν μὴ into English “unless”.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title -> Now There Was a Man

The text is, “Ἦν δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων Νικόδημος ὄνομα αὐτῷ ἄρχων τῶν Ἰουδαίων”.

Ἦν -> third person, singular, imperfect, indicative verb -> there was

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction -> now

ἄνθρωπος -> third person, masculine, singular, nominative noun -> a man

ἐκ -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> of

τῶν -> masculine, plural, genitive article -> the

Φαρισαίων -> masculine, plural, nominative, proper noun -> Pharisees

Νικόδημος -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Nicodemus

ὄνομα -> neuter, singular, nominative noun -> named

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> same one NRIEH*

ἄρχων -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> a ruler

τῶν -> masculine, plural, genitive article -> of the

Ἰουδαίων -> masculine, plural, genitive, proper noun -> Jews

The meaning of this verse is,

Now there was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title -> And Needed No One to Bear Witness About Man

The text is, “καὶ ὅτι οὐ χρείαν εἶχεν ἵνα τις μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐγίνωσκεν τί ἦν ἐν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ”.

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

ὅτι -> subordinating conjunction of causation -> because

οὐ -> negative particle -> no

χρείαν -> feminine, singular, accusative noun -> need

εἶχεν -> third person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb -> he had

ἵνα -> coordinating conjunction -> that

ἵνα -> masculine, singular, nominative, indefinite pronoun -> anyone

μαρτυρήσῃ -> third person, singular, aorist, active, subjunctive verb -> should bear witness

περὶ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word and -> concerning

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the NRIEH**

ἀνθρώπου -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> man

αὐτὸς -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, nominative pronoun -> he

γὰρ -> coordinating explanatory conjunction -> since

ἐγίνωσκεν -> third person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb -> knew

τί -> neuter, singular, nominative pronoun -> what

ἦν -> third person, singular, imperfect, indicative verb -> was

ἐν -> preposition taking the dative for its object word and -> in

τῷ -> masculine, singular, dative article -> the NRIEH

ἀνθρώπῳ -> masculine, singular, dative noun -> mankind or man

The meaning of this verse is, and because he had no need that anyone should bear witness about man, since he knew what was in mankind.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title -> But Jesus Himself Did not Trust Himself to Them

The text is, “αὐτὸς δὲ Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἐπίστευεν αὐτὸν αὐτοῖς διὰ τὸ αὐτὸν γινώσκειν πάντας”

αὐτὸς -> masculine, singular, nominative, intensive pronoun -> himself

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction → but

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

οὐκ -> negative particle -> not

ἐπίστευεν -> third person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb -> did entrust

αὐτὸν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> himself

αὐτοῖς -> third person, personal, masculine, plural, dative pronoun -> to them

διὰ -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word, -> because

τὸ -> neuter, singular, accusative article -> the/// NRIEH**

αὐτὸν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> him

γινώσκειν -> present, active, infinitive, active verb -> he knew

πάντας -> masculine, plural, accusative adjective -> all men.

The -> of this verse is, But Jesus himself did not trust himself to them, because he knew all men.

Title -> Now When He was in Jerusalem at the Passover

The text is, Ὡς δὲ ἦν ἐν τοῖς Ἱεροσολύμοις ἐν τῷ πάσχα ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ, πολλοὶ ἐπίστευσαν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ θεωροῦντες αὐτοῦ τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐποίει

Ὡς -> subordinating temporal conjunction -> when

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction -> now

ἦν -> third person, singular, imperfect, indicative verb -> he was

ἐν -> preposition taking the dative for its object verb and -> in

τοῖς -> neuter, plural, dative article -> the NRIEH**

Ἱεροσολύμοις -> neuter, plural, dative, proper noun -> Jerusalem

ἐν -> preposition taking the dative for its object verb and -> “at

τῷ -> neuter, singular, dative article -> the

πάσχα -> neuter, singular, dative noun -> Passover

ἐν -> preposition taking the dative for its object verb and -> in

τῇ -> feminine, singular, dative article -> the

ἑορτῇ -> feminine, singular, dative noun -> feast

πολλοὶ -> masculine, plural, nominative adjective -> many

ἐπίστευσαν -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> believed

εἰς -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word and -> in

τὸ -> neuter, singular, accusative article -> the NRIEH

ὄνομα -> neuter, singular, accusative noun -> name

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> his

θεωροῦντες -> present, active, participial, masculine, plural, nominative verb -> seeing

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> his

τὰ -> neuter, plural, accusative article -> that NRIEH

σημεῖα -> neuter, plural, accusative noun -> signs

ἃ -> definite, relative, neuter, plural, accusative pronoun -> that

ἐποίει -> third person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb -> he was doing

The meaning of this verse is,

Now when he was in Jerusalem at the Passover, at the feast, many believed in his name, seeing his signs that he was doing.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title -> So When He was Raised from the Dead

The text is, “ὅτε οὖν ἠγέρθη ἐκ νεκρῶν, ἐμνήσθησαν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ὅτι τοῦτο ἔλεγεν, καὶ ἐπίστευσαν τῇ γραφῇ καὶ τῷ λόγῳ ὃν εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς”.

ὅτε -> temporal subordinating conjunction -> when

οὖν -> inferential coordinating conjunction -> so

ἠγέρθη -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb -> he was raised

ἐκ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> from

νεκρῶν -> masculine, plural, genitive adjective -> the dead

ἐμνήσθησαν -> third person, plural, aorist, passive, indicative verb -> remembered

οἱ -> masculine, plural, nominative article -> the NRIEH**

μαθηταὶ -> masculine, plural, nominative noun -> disciples

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> his

ὅτι -> subordinating conjunction -> that

τοῦτο -> neuter, singular, accusative, demonstrative pronoun -> this

ἔλεγεν -> third person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb -> said

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

ἐπίστευσαν -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> believed

τῇ -> feminine, singular, dative article -> the

γραφῇ -> feminine, singular, dative noun -> scripture

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

τῷ -> masculine, singular, dative article -> the

λόγῳ -> masculine, singular, dative noun -> word

ὃν -> relative, definite, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> that

εἶπεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> said

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

The -> of this verse is,

So when he was raised from the dead, his disciples remembered that he said this and  believed the scripture and the word that Jesus said.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title -> But He Was Speaking About the Temple

The text is, “ἐκεῖνος δὲ ἔλεγεν περὶ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ”

ἐκεῖνος -> third person, masculine, singular, nominative, demonstrative pronoun -> he

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction -> but

ἔλεγεν -> third person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb -> was speaking

περὶ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> about

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the

ναοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> temple

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> of

σώματος -> neuter, singular, genitive noun -> body

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> his

The -> of this verse is,

But he was speaking about the temple of his body.

Title -> Then the Jews Said

The text is, εἶπαν οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοιc· τεσσεράκοντα καὶ ἓξ ἔτεσιν οἰκοδομήθη ὁ ναὸς οὗτος, καὶ σὺ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερεῖς αὐτόν

εἶπαν -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> said

οὖν -> coordinating conjunction of inference -> so

οἱ -> masculine, plural, nominative article -> the

Ἰουδαῖοι -> masculine, plural, nominative, proper adjective -> Jews

τεσσεράκοντα -> neutral, plural, dative, cardinal adjective -> forty

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

ἓξ -> neuter, plural, dative, cardinal adjective -> six

ἔτεσιν -> neuter, plural, dative noun -> years

οἰκοδομήθη -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb -> was built

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH**

ναὸς -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> temple

οὗτος -> masculine, singular, nominative, demonstrative pronoun -> this

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

σὺ -> second person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun -> you

ἐν -> preposition taking the dative for its object word -> in

τρισὶν -> feminine, plural, dative, cardinal adjective -> three

ἡμέραις -> feminine, plural, dative noun -> days

ἐγερεῖς -> second person, singular, future, active, indicative verb -> will raise up

αὐτόν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> it

The -> of this verse is,

So the Jews said, ‘Forty and six years was built this temple, and you will raise it up in three days?’”

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.