Title:Not as Cain Was of the Wicked One and Murdered His Brother

The text is, “οὐ καθὼς Κάϊν ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ ἦν καὶ ἔσφαξεν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ χάριν τίνος ἔσφαξεν αὐτόν ὅτι τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ πονηρὰ ἦν τὰ δὲ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ δίκαια”.

οὐ -> negative particle -> not

καθὼς-> subordinating comparative conjunction -> like

Κάϊν -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Cain

ἐκ-> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> of

τοῦ-> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the

πονηροῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> wicked one

ἦν -> third person, singular, imperfect, indicative verb -> who was

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

ἔσφαξεν-> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> murdered

τὸν-> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the NRIEH**

ἀδελφὸν-> masculine, singular, accusative noun -> brother

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> his

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

χάριν-> improper preposition taking the genitive for its object word ->for what

τίνος-> neuter, singular, genitive, interrogative pronoun -> why

ἔσφαξεν-> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> he did murder

αὐτόν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> him

ὅτι -> subordinating causative conjunction -> because

τὰ-> neuter, plural, nominative article -> the NRIEH

ἔργα -> neuter, plural, nominative noun -> works

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> his

πονηρὰ -> neuter, plural, nominative adjective -> evil

ἦν -> third person, plural, imperfect, indicative verb -> were

τὰ -> neuter, plural, nominative adjective -> those

δε -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

τοῦ-> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the NRIEH

ἀδελφοῦ-> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> of brother

αὐτοῦ -> third person, singular, masculine, genitive pronoun -> his

δίκαια  -> neuter, plural, nominative adjective -> righteous

The meaning of this verse is,

Not like Cain, who was of the wicked one, and murdered his brother.  And for what? why did he murder him? Because his works were evil, and those of his brother righteous.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  For This is the Message that We Understood From the Beginning

The text is, “Ὅτι αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ ἀγγελία ἣν ἠκούσατε ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς ἵνα ἀγαπῶμεν ἀλλήλους”.

Ὅτι -> subordinating causative conjunction -> for

αὕτη-> feminine, singular, nominative, demonstrative pronoun -> this

ἐστὶν-> third person, singular, present, indicative verb -> is

ἡ -> feminine, singular, nominative article -> the

ἀγγελία -> feminine, singular, nominative noun -> message

ἣν-> feminine, singular, accusative, definite, relative pronoun -> that

ἠκούσατε -> first person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> we understood

ἀπ’-> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> from

ἀρχῆς-> feminine, singular, genitive noun -> the beginning

ἵνα -> subordinating complementary conjunction -> so that

ἀγαπῶμεν-> first person, plural, present, active, subjunctive verb -> we might love

ἀλλήλους -> masculine, plural, accusative, reciprocal pronoun -> each other

The meaning of this verse is,

For this is the message that we understood from the beginning, so that we might love each other.”

Title:  By This is Known the Children of God and the Children of the Adversary

The text is, “ἐν τούτῳ φανερά ἐστιν τὰ τέκνα τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὰ τέκνα τοῦ διαβόλου πᾶς ὁ μὴ ποιῶν δικαιοσύνην οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ὁ μὴ ἀγαπῶν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ”.

ἐν -> preposition taking the dative for its object word -> by

τούτῳ -> neuter, singular, dative, demonstrative pronoun -> this

φανερά -> neuter, plural,nominative adjective -> known

ἐστιν -> third person, singular, present, indicative verb -> is

τὰ -> neuter, plural, nominative article -> the

τέκνα -> neuter, plural, nominative noun -> children

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the NRIEH**

θεοῦ ->masculine, singular, genitive noun -> of God

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

τὰ -> neuter, plural, nominative article -> the

τέκνα -> neuter, plural, nominative noun -> children

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> of the

διαβόλου -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> adversary

πᾶς -> masculine, singular, nominative adjective -> whoever

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

μὴ -> negative particle -> not

ποιῶν -> present, singular, participial, masculine, singular,nominative verb -> is doing

δικαιοσύνην -> feminine, singular, accusative noun -> righteousness

οὐκ -> negative particle -> not

ἔστιν -> third person, singular, present, indicative verb -> is

ἐκ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> of

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the NRIEH

θεοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> God

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

μὴ -> negative particle -> not

ἀγαπῶν -> present, active, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> one loving

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the NRIEH

ἀδελφὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative noun -> brother

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> his

The meaning of this verse is,

By this is known the children of God and the children of the adversary:  Whoever is not doing righteousness is not of God, and the one not loving his brother.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  No One Having Been Born of God Practices Sin

The text is, “Πᾶς ὁ γεγεννημένος ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἁμαρτίαν οὐ ποιεῖ ὅτι σπέρμα αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ μένει καὶ οὐ δύναται ἁμαρτάνειν ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ γεγέννητα”.

Πᾶς -> masculine, singular, nominative adjective -> everyone

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH**

γεγεννημένος -> perfect, middle, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb ->  having been born

ἐκ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> of

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the NRIEH

θεοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> God

ἁμαρτίαν -> feminine, singular, accusative noun -> sin

οὐ -> negative particle -> not

ποιεῖ -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> practices

ὅτι -> subordinating causative conjunction -> because

σπέρμα -> neuter, singular,nominative noun -> seed

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun > his

ἐν -> preposition taking the dative for its object word -> in

αὐτῷ-> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun him

μένει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> remains

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

οὐ -> negative particle -> not

δύναται  -> third person, singular, present, passive, indicative verb -> it is possible

ἁμαρτάνειν -> present, active, infinitive verb -> to sin

ὅτι -> subordinating causative conjunction -> because

ἐκ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> of

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the NRIEH

θεοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> God

γεγέννητα-> third person, singular, perfect, passive, indicative verb -> he is born

The meaning of this verse is,

No one having been born of God practices sin because His seed remains in him, and it is not possible to sin, because he has been born of God.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  The One Doing Sin is From the Adversary

The text is, “ὁ ποιῶν τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐκ τοῦ διαβόλου ἐστίν ὅτι ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς ὁ διάβολος ἁμαρτάνει εἰς τοῦτο ἐφανερώθη ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ἵνα λύσῃ τὰ ἔργα τοῦ διαβόλου”.

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

ποιῶν -> present, active, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> one doing

τὴν -> feminine, singular, accusative article -> the NRIEH**

ἁμαρτίαν -> feminine, singular, accusative noun -> sin

ἐκ ->preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> from

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the

διαβόλου -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> adversary

ἐστίν -> third person, singular, present, indicative verb -> is

ὅτι -> subordinating causative conjunction -? because

ἀπ’ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> from

ἀρχῆς -> feminine,singular, genitive noun -> beginning

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

διάβολος -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -_ adversary

ἁμαρτάνει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> sins CER* sinned

εἰς -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> for

τοῦτο -> neuter, singular, accusative, demonstrative pronoun -> this

ἐφανερώθη -> third person,singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb -> was revealed

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

υἱὸς -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> son

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the NRIEH

θεοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> of God

ἵνα -> subordinating complementary conjunction -> so that

λύσῃ -> third person, singular, aorist, active, subjunctive verb -> might destroy

τὰ -> neuter, plural, accusative article -> the

ἔργα -> neuter, plural, accusative noun -> works

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> of the

διαβόλου -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> adversary

The meaning of this verse is,

The one doing sin is from the adversary.  For this was the So of God revealed, so that he might destroy the works of the adversary.”

*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the first example here, the verb “ἔρχεται” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past.  The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.