Title:  So Having Seen Him, Peter Said to Jesus, “Lord, This One, Now What?”

The text is, “τοῦτον οὖν ἰδὼν ὁ Πέτρος λέγει τῷ Ἰησοῦ· κύριε, οὗτος δὲ τί”.

τοῦτον -> masculine, singular, accusative, demonstrative pronoun -> him

οὖν -> coordinating inferential conjunction -> so

ἰδὼν -> aorist, active, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> having seen

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH**

Πέτρος -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Peter

λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> says CER* said

τῷ -> third person, singular, dative article -> the NRIEH

Ἰησοῦ -> masculine, singular, dative, proper noun -> to Jesus

κύριε -> masculine, singular, vocative noun -> Lord

οὗτος -> masculine, singular, nominative, demonstrative pronoun -> this one

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction -> now

τί -> neuter, singular, accusative, interrogative pronoun -> what

The meaning of this verse is,

So having seen him, Peter said to Jesus, “Lord, this one, now what?”

*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the first example here, the verb “λέγει” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past.  The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

**NRIEH: For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  Peter Having Turned Saw the Disciple Whom Jesus Loved Following

The text is, “Ἐπιστραφεὶς ὁ Πέτρος βλέπει τὸν μαθητὴν ὃν ἠγάπα ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀκολουθοῦντα ὃς καὶ ἀνέπεσεν ἐν τῷ δείπνῳ ἐπὶ τὸ στῆθος αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν κύριε τίς ἐστιν ὁ παραδιδούς σε”.

Ἐπιστραφεὶς ->aorist, passive, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> having turned

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH**

Πέτρος -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Peter

βλέπει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> he sees CER* saw

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the

μαθητὴν -> masculine, singular, accusative noun -> disciple

ὃν -> masculine, singular, accusative, definite, relative pronoun -> whom

ἠγάπα -> third person, singular, imperfect, active,indicative verb -> loved

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

ἀκολουθοῦντα -> present, active, participial, masculine, singular, accusative verb -> following

ὃς -> masculine, singular, nominative, definite, relative pronoun -> who

καὶ -> adverb -> also

ἀνέπεσεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> leaned

ἐν -> preposition taking the dative for its object word -> during

τ ῷ -> neuter, singular, dative article -> the

δείπνῳ -> neuter, singular, dative noun -> supper

ἐπὶ -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> against

τὸ -> neuter, singular, accusative article -> the NRIEH

στῆθος -> neuter, singular, accusative noun -> chest

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> his

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

εἶπεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> said

κύριε -> masculine, singular, vocative noun -> Lord

τίς -> masculine, singular, nominative, interrogative pronoun -> who

ἐστιν -> third person, singular, present, indicative verb -> is

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

παραδιδούς -> present, active, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> one delivering over

σε -> second person, personal, singular, accusative pronoun -> you

The meaning of this verse is,

Peter having turned saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following, who also leaned during the supper against his chest, and said, “Lord, who is the one delivering you over?”

*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the first example here, the verb “λέγει” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past.  The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

**NRIEH: For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  Now He Said This Indicating What Kind of Death He Would Glorify God, and Having Said This, He Said to Him, “You Follow Me.”

The text is, “τοῦτο δὲ εἶπεν σημαίνων ποίῳ θανάτῳ δοξάσει τὸν θεόν. καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν λέγει αὐτῷ· ἀκολούθει μοι”.

τοῦτο -> neuter, singular, accusative, demonstrative pronoun -> this

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction -> now

εἶπεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> he said

σημαίνων -> present, active, participle, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> indicating

ποίῳ -> masculine, singular, dative, interrogative pronoun -> what kind of

θανάτῳ -> masculine, singular, dative noun -> death

δοξάσει -> third person, singular, future, active, indicative verb -> he will glorify CER* he would glorify

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the NRIEH**

θεόν -> masculine, singular, accusative noun -> God

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

τοῦτο -> neuter, singular, accusative, demonstrative pronoun -> this

εἰπὼν -> aorist, active, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> having said

λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> he says CER he said

αὐτ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

ἀκολούθει -> second person, singular, present, active, imperative verb -> you follow

μοι -> first person, personal, singular, dative pronoun -> me

The meaning of this verse is,

Now he said this indicating what kind of death he would glorify God, and having said this he said to him, “You follow me.”

*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the first example here, the verb “λέγει” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past.  The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

**NRIEH: For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  “Surely, Surely, I Tell You that When You Were Young, You Dressed Yourself and Walked”

The text is, “Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, ὅτε ἦς νεώτερος, ἐζώννυες σεαυτὸν καὶ περιεπάτεις ὅπου ἤθελες· ὅταν δὲ γηράσῃς, ἐκτενεῖς τὰς χεῖράς σου, καὶ ἄλλος σε ζώσει καὶ οἴσει ὅπου οὐ θέλεις”.

Ἀμὴν -> Hebraicized particle -> surely | truly

ἀμὴν -> Hebraicized particle -> surely | truly

λέγω -> first person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> I tell

σοι -> second person, personal, singular, dative pronoun -> you

ὅτε -> coordinating temporal conjunction -> when

ἦς -> second person, singular, imperfect, indicative verb -> you were

νεώτερος -> masculine, singular, nominative, comparative adjective -> younger

ἐζώννυες -> second person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb -> you dressed

σεαυτὸν -> second person, singular, masculine, accusative, reflexive pronoun -> yourself

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

περιεπάτεις -> second person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb -> walked

ὅπου -> adverb of place -> where

ἤθελες -> second person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb -> you would

ὅταν -> subordinating temporal conjunction -> when

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction -> but

γηράσῃς -> second person, singular, aorist, active, subjunctive verb -> you should be older

ἐκτενεῖς -> second person, singular, future, active, indicative verb -> you will stretch out

τὰς -> feminine, plural, accusative article -> the NRIEH*

χεῖράς -> feminine, plural, accusative noun -> arms

σου -> feminine, plural, genitive pronoun -> your

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

ἄλλος -> masculine, singular, nominative adjective -> another

σε -> second person, personal, singular, accusative pronoun -> you

ζώσει -> third person, singular, future, active, indicative verb -> will dress

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

οἴσει -> third person, singular, future, active, indicative verb -> carry

ὅπου -> adverb 0f place -> where

οὐ -> negative particle -> not

θέλεις -> second person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> you do intend

The meaning of this verse is,

Surely, surely, I tell you that when you were younger you dressed yourself and walked where you would, but when you should be older, you will stretch out your arms and another will dress you and carry you where you do not intend.”

*NRIEH: For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  He Said to Him the Third Time, “Simon of John, Do You Have Affection for Me?”

The text is, “λέγει αὐτῷ τὸ τρίτον Σίμων Ἰωάννου φιλεῖς με ἐλυπήθη ὁ Πέτρος ὅτι εἶπεν αὐτῷ τὸ τρίτον· φιλεῖς με καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· κύριε πάντα σὺ οἶδας, σὺ γινώσκεις ὅτι φιλῶ σε λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς βόσκε τὰ πρόβατά μου”.

λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> he says CER* he said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

τὸ -> neuter, singular, accusative article -> the

τρίτον -> adverb -> third time

Σίμων -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Simon

Ἰωάννου -> masculine, singular, genitive, proper noun -> of John

φιλεῖς -> second person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> you do have affection

με -> first person, personal, singular, accusative pronoun -> for me

ἐλυπήθη -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb -> distressed | grieved

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH**

Πέτρος -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Peter

ὅτι -> subordinating causative conjunction -> because | that

εἶπεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> he said

αὐτῷ -> third person, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

τὸ -> neuter, singular, accusative article -> the

τρίτον -> adverb -> third time

φιλεῖς -> second person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> you do have affection for

με -> first person, singular, accusative pronoun -> me

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> says CER said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

κύριε -> masculine, singular, vocative noun -> Lord

πάντα -> neuter, plural, accusative adjective -> of everything

σὺ -> second person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun -> you

οἶδας -> second person, singular, perfect, active, indicative verb -> have knowledge

σὺ -> second person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun -> you

γινώσκεις -> second person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> know

ὅτι -> subordinating complementary conjunction -> that

φιλῶ  -> first person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> I have affection for

σε -> second person, personal, singular, accusative pronoun -> you

λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> says CER said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

βόσκε -> second person, singular, present, active, imperative verb -> you feed

τὰ -> neuter, plural, accusative article -> the NRIEH

πρόβατά -> neuter, plural, accusative noun -> sheep

μου -> first person, personal, singular, genitive pronoun -> my

The meaning of this verse is,

He said to him, “Simon of John, do you have affection for me?”  And he said to him, “Lord, you have knowledge of everything.  You know that I have affection for you.  Jesus said to him, “You feed my sheep.”

*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the first example here, the verb “λέγει” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past.  The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

*NRIEH: For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  He Said to Him, A Second Time, “Simon of John, Do You love Me ?”

The text is, “λέγει αὐτῷ πάλιν δεύτερον Σίμων Ἰωάννου ἀγαπᾷς με λέγει αὐτῷ· ναὶ κύριε σὺ οἶδας ὅτι φιλῶ σε λέγει αὐτῷ ποίμαινε τὰ πρόβατά μου”.

λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> he says CER* he said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

πάλιν -> adverb -> again

δεύτερον -> adverb -> a second time

Σίμων -> masculine, singular, dative, proper noun -> Simon

Ἰωάννου -> masculine, singular, genitive, proper noun ->of John

ἀγαπᾷς -> second person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> you do love

με -> first person, personal, singular, accusative pronoun -> me

λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> he says CER he said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

ναὶ -> particle -> yes

κύριε -> masculine, singular, vocative noun -> Lord

σὺ -> second person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun -> you

οἶδας -> second person, singular, perfect, active, indicative verb -> know

ὅτι -> subordinating complementary conjunction -> that

φιλῶ -> first person,singular, present, active, indicative verb -> I have affection

σε -> second person, personal, singular, accusative pronoun -> for you

λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> he says CER he said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

ποίμαινε -> second person, present, active, imperative verb -> you tend

τὰ -> neuter, plural, accusative article -> the NRIEH

πρόβατά -> neuter, plural, accusative noun -> sheep

μου -> first person, personal, singular, genitive pronoun -> my

The meaning of this verse is,

He said to him a second time, “Simon of John, do you love me?”  He said to him, “Yes, Lord, you know that I have affection for you.”  He said to him, “You tend my sheep.”

*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the first example here, the verb “λέγει” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past.  The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

*NRIEH: For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  So When They Had Finished Jesus Said to Simon Peter, “Simon of John, Do You Love Me More than These?”

The text is, “Ὅτε οὖν ἠρίστησαν λέγει τῷ Σίμωνι Πέτρῳ ὁ Ἰησοῦς Σίμων Ἰωάννου ἀγαπᾷς με πλέον τούτων λέγει αὐτῷ ναὶ κύριε σὺ οἶδας ὅτι φιλῶ σε λέγει αὐτῷ βόσκε τὰ ἀρνία μου”.

Ὅτε -> subordinating temporal conjunction -> when

οὖν -> coordinating inferential conjunction -> so

ἠρίστησαν -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> they had finished

λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> says CER* said

τῷ -< masculine, singular, dative article -> the NRIEH**

Σίμωνι -> masculine, singular, dative, proper noun -> to Simon

Πέτρῳ -> masculine, singular, dative, proper noun -> Peter

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

Σίμων -> masculine, singular, vocative, proper noun -> Simon

Ἰωάννου -> masculine, singular, genitive, proper noun -> of John

ἀγαπᾷς -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> you do love

με -> first person, personal, singular, accusative pronoun -> me

πλέον -> comparative adverb -> more than

τούτων -> neuter, plural, genitive, demonstrative pronoun -> these

λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> he said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

ναὶ -> particle -> yes

κύριε -> masculine, singular, vocative noun -> Lord

σὺ -> second person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun -> you

οἶδας -> second person, singular, perfect, active, indicative verb -> know

ὅτι -> subordinating complementary conjunction -> that

φιλῶ -> first person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> I have affection

σε -> second person, personal, singular, accusative pronoun -> for you

λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> he says CER he said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

βόσκε -> third person, singular, present, active, imperative verb -> you feed

τὰ -> neuter, plural, accusative article -> the NRIEH

ἀρνία -> neuter, plural, accusative noun -> lambs

μου -> first person, singular, genitive pronoun -> my

The meaning of this verse is,

So when they had finished, Jesus said to Simon Peter, “Simon of John, do you love me more than these?”  He said to him, “Yes, Lord, you know that I have affection for you.”  He said to him, “You feed my lambs.”

*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the first example here, the verb “λέγει” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past.  The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

**NRIEH: For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  Now This Third Time Jesus was Revealed to the Disciples

The text is, “τοῦτο ἤδη τρίτον ἐφανερώθη Ἰησοῦς τοῖς μαθηταῖς ἐγερθεὶς ἐκ νεκρῶν”.

τοῦτο -> neuter, singular, accusative, demonstrative pronoun -> this

ἤδη -> temporal adverb -> now

τρίτον -> adverb -> third time

ἐφανερώθη ->  third person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb -> was revealed

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

τοῖς -> masculine, plural, dative article -> to the

μαθηταῖς -> masculine, plural, dative noun -> disciples

ἐγερθεὶς -> aorist, passive, participle, masculine, singular, nominative -> raised

ἐκ -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> from | out of

νεκρῶν -> masculine,  plural, genitive adjective -> dead

The meaning of this verse is,

Now this third time Jesus was revealed out raised of the dead to the disciples.

Title:  Jesus Came and Took the Bread and Gave to Them, and the Fish Likewise

The text is, “ἔρχεται Ἰησοῦς καὶ λαμβάνει τὸν ἄρτον καὶ δίδωσιν αὐτοῖς καὶ τὸ ὀψάριον ὁμοίως”.

ἔρχεται -> third person, singular, present, middle, indicative verb -> comes CER* came

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

λαμάνει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> takes CER took

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the

ἄρτον -> masculine, singular, accusative noun -> bread

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

δίδωσιν -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> gives CER gave

αὐτοῖς -> third person, personal, masculine, plural, dative pronoun -> to them

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

τὸ -> neuter, singular, accusative article -> the

ὀψάριον -> neuter, singular, accusative noun -> fish

ὁμοίως -> adverb -> likewise

The meaning of this verse is,

Jesus came and took the bread and gave to them, and the fish likewise.

*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the first example here, the verb “ἔρχεται” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past.  The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

Title:  Jesus Said to Them, “Come, You Eat Breakfast.”

The text is, “Λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς δεῦτε ἀριστήσατε. οὐδεὶς δὲ ἐτόλμα τῶν μαθητῶν ἐξετάσαι αὐτόν σὺ τίς εἶ; εἰδότες ὅτι ὁ κύριός ἐστιν”.

Λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> says CER* said

αὐτοῖς -> third person, personal, masculine, plural, dative pronoun -> to them

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH**

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

δεῦτε -> interjection -> come

ἀριστήσατε -> second person, plural, aorist, active, imperative, you eat breakfast

οὐδεὶς -> masculine, singular, nominative, indefinite adjective -> none | not one

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction -> now

ἐτόλμα -> third person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative verb -> dared

τῶν -> masculine, plural, genitive article -> of the

μαθητῶν -> masculine, plural, genitive noun -> disciples

ἐξετάσαι -> aorist, active, infinitive verb -> to ask

αὐτόν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> him

σὺ -> second person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun -> you

τίς -> masculine, singular, nominative, interrogative pronoun -> who

εἶ -> second person, singular, present, indicative verb -> are

εἰδότες -> perfect, active, participle, masculine, plural, nominative verb -> knowing

ὅτι -> subordinating complementary conjunction -> that

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

κύριός -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> Lord

ἐστιν -> third person, singular, present, indicative verb -> it is CER it was

The meaning of this verse is,

Jesus said to them, “Come, you eat breakfast.”  None of the disciples dared to ask him, “Who are you?”, knowing that it was the Lord.

*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the first example here, the verb “λέγει” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past.  The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

**NRIEH: For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.