Category Archives: Christianity

Εἱστήκεισαν δὲ παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ ἀδελφὴ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ (John 19:25)

Title:  Now There Were Standing Next to the Cross of Jesus His Mother and the Sister of His Mother

The text is, “Εἱστήκεισαν δὲ παρὰ τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ ἀδελφὴ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Μαρία ἡ τοῦ Κλωπᾶ καὶ Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνή”.

Εἱστήκεισαν -> third person, plural, pluperfect, active, indicative verb -> there were standing

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction -> now | and | but

παρὰ -> preposition taking the dative for its object word -> next

τῷ -> masculine, singular, dative article -> to the

σταυρῷ -> masculine, singular, dative noun -> cross

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the NRIEH

Ἰησοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive,proper noun -> of Jesus

ἡ -> feminine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH

μήτηρ -> feminine, singular,nominative noun -> mother

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> his

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

ἡ -> feminine, singular, nominative article -> the

ἀδελφὴ -> feminine, singular, nominative noun -> sister

τῆς -> feminine, singular, genitive article -> the NRIEH

μητρὸς -> feminine, singular, genitive noun -> of mother

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> his

Μαρία -> feminine, singular,nominative, proper noun -> Mary

ἡ -> feminine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH

τοῦ -> feminine, singular, genitive article -> the NRIEH

Κλωπᾶ -> masculine, singular, genitive, proper noun -> of Klopas

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

Μαρία -> feminine,singular, nominative, proper noun -> Mary

ἡ -> feminine, singular, nominative article -> the

Μαγδαληνή -> feminine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Magdalene

The meaning of this verse is,

Now there were standing next to the cross of Jesus his mother and the sister of his mother, Mary of Klopas and Mary the Magdalene.

εἶπαν οὖν πρὸς ἀλλήλους· μὴ σχίσωμεν αὐτόν ἀλλὰ λάχωμεν περὶ αὐτοῦ τίνος ἔσται (John 19:24)

Title:  So they Said to Each Other, “We Should Not Tear It but We Should Cast Lots for It, Whose it Shall Be”

The text is, “εἶπαν οὖν πρὸς ἀλλήλους· μὴ σχίσωμεν αὐτόν ἀλλὰ λάχωμεν περὶ αὐτοῦ τίνος ἔσται ἵνα ἡ γραφὴ πληρωθῇ ἡ λέγουσα διεμερίσαντο τὰ ἱμάτιά μου ἑαυτοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ἱματισμόν μου ἔβαλον κλῆρον Οἱ μὲν οὖν στρατιῶται ταῦτα ἐποίησαν”.

εἶπαν -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> they said

οὖν -> coordinating inferential conjunction -> so

πρὸς -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> to

ἀλλήλους -> masculine, plural, accusative, reciprocal pronoun -> each other

μὴ -> negative particle -> not

σχίσωμεν -> first person, plural, aorist, active, subjunctive verb -> we should tear

αὐτόν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular,accusative pronoun -> it

ἀλλὰ -> coordinating adversative conjunction -> but

λάχωμεν -> first person, plural, aorist, active, subjunctive verb -> we should cast lots

περὶ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> for

αὐτοῦ -> first person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> it

τίνος -> masculine, singular, genitive, interrogative pronoun -> whose

ἔσται -> third person, singular, future, indicative verb -> it will be

ἵνα -> subordinating resultant conjunction -> so that

ἡ -> feminine, singular, nominative article -> the

γραφὴfeminine, singular, nominative noun -> scripture

πληρωθῇ -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, subjunctive verb -> might be fulfilled

ἡ -> feminine, singular,nominative article -> the

λέγουσα -> present, active, infinitive, feminine, singular, nominative verb -> one saying

διεμερίσαντο -> third person, plural, aorist, middle, indicative verb -> they divided

τὰ -> neuter, plural, accusative article -> the NRIEH

ἱμάτιά -> neuter, plural, accusative noun -> garments

μου -> first person, personal, singular, genitive pronoun -> my

ἑαυτοῖς -> third person, masculine, singular, dative, reflexive pronoun -> themselves

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

ἐπὶ -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> for

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article ->  they NRIEH

ἱματισμόν => masculine, singular, accusative noun -> clothing

μου -> first person, personal, singular, genitive pronoun -> my

ἔβαλον -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> they cast

κλῆρον -> masculine, singular, accusative noun -> lots

Οἱ -> masculine, plural, nominative article -> the

μὲν -> particle -> indeed

οὖν -> coordinating inferential conjunction -> so

στρατιῶται -< masculine, singular, nominative noun -> soldiers

ταῦτα -> neuter, plural, accusative, demonstrative pronoun -> these things

ἐποίησαν -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> did

The meaning of this verse is,

So they said to each other, “We should not tear it, but should cast lots for it, whose it will be.  So that the scripture should be fulfilled, the one saying, “They divided my garments themselves, and for my clothing they cast lots.”  So indeed the soldiers did these things.

Οἱ οὖν στρατιῶται, ὅτε ἐσταύρωσαν τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἔλαβον τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ (John 19:23)

Title:  While they Crucified Jesus, the Soldiers Took his Garments

The text is, “Οἱ οὖν στρατιῶται, ὅτε ἐσταύρωσαν τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἔλαβον τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐποίησαν τέσσαρα μέρη, ἑκάστῳ στρατιώτῃ μέρος, καὶ τὸν χιτῶνα. ἦν δὲ ὁ χιτὼν ἄραφος, ἐκ τῶν ἄνωθεν ὑφαντὸς δι’ ὅλου”.

Οἱ -> masculine, plural, nominative article -> the

οὖν -> coordinating inferential conjunction -> when

στρατιῶται -> masculine, plural, nominative noun -> soldiers

ὅτε -> subordinating temporal conjunction -> while

ἐσταύρωσαν -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> they crucified

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the NRIEH

Ἰησοῦν -> masculine, singular, accusative, proper noun -> Jesus

ἔλαβον -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> took

τὰ -> neuter, plural, accusative article -> the NRIEH

ἱμάτια -> neuter, plural, accusative noun -> garments

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun => his

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

ἐποίησαν -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> made

τέσσαρα -> neuter, plural, accusative, cardinal adjective -> four

μέρη -> neuter, plural, accusative noun -> portions

ἑκάστ -> masculine, singular, dative, demonstrative adjective -> to each

στρατιώτῃ -> masculine, singular, dative noun -> soldier

μέρος -> neuter, singular, accusative noun -> a part

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the

χιτῶνα -> masculine, singular, accusative noun -> tunic

ἦν -> third person, singular, imperfect, indicative verb -> was

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction -> now | but

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

χιτὼν -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> tunic

ἄραφος -> masculine, singular, nominative adjective -> not sewed | seamless

ἐκ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> from

τῶν -> neuter, plural, genitive article -> the

ἄνωθεν -> adverb of place -> top

ὑφαντὸς -> masculine, singular, nominative, verbal adjective -> woven

δι’-> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> through | to

ὅλου -> masculine, singular, genitive adjective -> all | bottom

The meaning of this verse is,

While they crucified Jesus, the soldiers took his garments and made four portions, a part to each soldier.  Now the tunic was seamless, woven from the top through all.

ἀπεκρίθη ὁ Πιλᾶτος· ὃ γέγραφα, γέγραφα (John 19:22)

Title:  ¨Pilate Answered, “What I Have Written, I Have Written!”

The text is, “ἀπεκρίθη ὁ Πιλᾶτος· ὃ γέγραφα, γέγραφα”.

ἀπεκρίθη -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> answered

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH

Πιλᾶτος -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Pilate

ὃ -> neuter, singular, accusative, definite, relative pronoun -> what

γέγραφα -> first person, singular, perfect, active, indicative verb -> I have written

γέγραφα -> first person, singular, perfect, active, indicative verb -> I have written

The meaning of this verse is,

Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written!”

ἔλεγον οὖν τῷ Πιλάτῳ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων μὴ γράφε ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων (John 19:21)

Title:  So the High Priests of the Jews told Pilate, “You Do Not Write ‘The King of the Jews'”.

The text is, “ἔλεγον οὖν τῷ Πιλάτῳ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων μὴ γράφε ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἀλλ’ ὅτι ἐκεῖνος εἶπεν βασιλεύς εἰμι τῶν Ἰουδαίων”.

ἔλεγον -> third person, plural, aorist, active,indicative verb -> told

οὖν -> coordinating inferential conjunction -> so

τῷ -> masculine, singular, dative article -> the NRIEH

Πιλάτῳ -> masculine, singular, dative, proper noun -> Pilate

οἱ -> masculine, plural, nominative article -> the

ἀρχιερεῖς -> masculine, plural, nominative noun -> high priests

τῶν -> masculine, plural, genitive article -> of the

Ἰουδαίων -> masculine, plural, genitive, proper noun -> Jews

μὴ -> negative particle -> not

γράφε -> second person, singular, present, active, imperative verb -> you do write

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

βασιλεὺς -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> king

τῶν -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> of the

Ἰουδαίων -> masculine, singular, genitive, proper noun -> Jews

ἀλλ -> coordinating adversative conjunction -> but

ὅτι -> subordinating complementary conjunction -> rather

ἐκεῖνος -> masculine, singular, nominative, demonstrative pronoun -> this one

εἶπεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> said

βασιλεύς -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> king

εἰμι -> first person, singular, present, indicative verb -> I am

τῶν -> masculine, plural, genitive article -> of the

Ἰουδαίων -> masculine, plural, genitive, proper noun -> Jews

The meaning of this verse is,

So the high priests of the Jews told Pilate, ” You do not write, ‘The King of the Jews’, but rather, ‘This one said I am King of the Jews’.”

τοῦτον οὖν τὸν τίτλον πολλοὶ ἀνέγνωσαν τῶν Ἰουδαίων (John 19:20)

Title:  Consequently, Many of the Jews Read the Notice

The text is, “τοῦτον οὖν τὸν τίτλον πολλοὶ ἀνέγνωσαν τῶν Ἰουδαίων ὅτι ἐγγὺς ἦν ὁ τόπος τῆς πόλεως ὅπου ἐσταυρώθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ ἦν γεγραμμένον Ἑβραϊστί Ῥωμαϊστί Ἑλληνιστί”.

τοῦτον -> masculine, singular, nominative, demonstrative pronoun -> this

οὖν -> coordinating inferential conjunction -> consequently

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the

τίτλον -> masculine, singular, accusative noun -> notice

πολλοὶ -> masculine, plural, nominative adjective -> many

ἀνέγνωσαν -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> read

τῶν -> masculine, plural, genitive article -> of the

Ἰουδαίων -> masculine, plural, genitive, proper noun -> Jews

ὅτι -> subordinating causative conjunction -> because

ἐγγὺς -> improper preposition taking the genitive if it has object word -> near

ἦν -> third person, singular, imperfect, indicative verb -> it was

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

τόπος -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> spot

τῆς -> feminine, singular, genitive article -> of the

πόλεως -> feminine, singular, genitive noun -> city

ὅπου -> adverb of place -> where

ἐσταυρώθη -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb -> was crucified

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

ἦν -> third person, singular, imperfect,indicative verb -it had been

γεγραμμένον -> perfect, passive, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> being written

Ἑβραϊστί -> proper adverb -> in Hebrew

Ῥωμαϊστί -> proper adverb -> in Latin

Ἑλληνιστί -> proper adverb -> in Greek

The meaning of this verse is,

Consequently, many of the Jews read the notice, because it was near the spot of the city where Jesus was crucified, and it had been being written in Hebrew, in Latin, in Greek.

ἔγραψεν δὲ καὶ τίτλον ὁ Πιλᾶτος καὶ ἔθηκεν ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ (John 19:19)

Title:  And Pilate Also Wrote a Notice and Placed it Over the Cross

The text is, “ἔγραψεν δὲ καὶ τίτλον ὁ Πιλᾶτος καὶ ἔθηκεν ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ ἦν δὲ γεγραμμένον
Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων”.

ἔγραψεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> wrote

δὲ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

καὶ -> adverb -> also

τίτλον -> masculine, singular, accusative noun -> a notice

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH

Πιλᾶτος -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Pilate

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

ἔθηκεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> placed it

ἐπὶ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> over | upon | to

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the

σταυροῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> cross

ἦν -> third person, singular, imperfect, indicative verb -> it was

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction -> now

γεγραμμένον -> perfect, passive, participial, neuter, singular, nominative verb -> having been  written

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

ὁ  -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

Ναζωραῖος -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Nazarene

ὁ  -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

βασιλεὺς -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> king

τῶν -> masculine, plural, genitive article -> of the

Ἰουδαίων -> masculine, plural, genitive, proper noun -> Jews

The meaning  of this verse is,

And Pilate also wrote a notice and placed it over the cross.  Now it was having been written, “Jesus the Nazarene, the king of the Jews”.

ὅπου αὐτὸν ἐσταύρωσαν καὶ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἄλλους δύο (John 19:18)

Title:  There They Crucified Him and With Him Two Others

The text is, “ὅπου αὐτὸν ἐσταύρωσαν καὶ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἄλλους δύο ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ἐντεῦθεν μέσον δὲ τὸν Ἰησοῦν”.

ὅπου -> adverb of place -> there

αὐτὸν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> him

ἐσταύρωσαν -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> they crucified

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

μετ’ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> with

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> him

ἄλλους -> masculine, plural, accusative, demonstrative adjective -> others

δύο -> masculine, plural, accusative, cardinal adjective -> two

ἐντεῦθεν -> adverb of place -> one this side

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction -> and

ἐντεῦθεν -> adverb of place -> one on the other

μέσον -> adverb -> in the middle

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the NRIEH

Ἰησοῦν -> masculine, singular, accusative, proper noun -> Jesus

The meaning of this verse is,

There they crucified him, and with him two others, one this side, and one the other, and Jesus in the middle.

καὶ βαστάζων ἑαυτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν ἐξῆλθεν εἰς τὸν λεγόμενον Κρανίου Τόπον (John 19:17)

Title:  And Bearing the Cross of Himself He Went Out to the Place Being Called  “Of a Skull”

The text is, “καὶ βαστάζων ἑαυτῷ τὸν σταυρὸν ἐξῆλθεν εἰς τὸν λεγόμενον Κρανίου Τόπον ὃ λέγεται Ἑβραϊστὶ Γολγοθα”.

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction ->and

βαστάζων -> present, active, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> bearing

ἑαυτῷ -> third person, masculine, singular, dative, reflexive pronoun -> of himself

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the

σταυρὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative noun -> cross

ἐξῆλθεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> he went out

εἰς -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> to

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the

λεγόμενον -> present, singular, participial, masculine, singular, accusative verb -> being called

Κρανίου -> neuter, singular, genitive, proper noun -> of a Skull

Τόπον -> masculine, singular, accusative, proper noun -> Place

ὃ -: masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH

λέγεται -> third person, singular, present, passive, indicative verb -> called

Ἑβραϊστὶ -> proper adverb -> in Hebrew

Γολγοθα -> feminine, singular, nominative proper noun -> Golgotha

The meaning of this verse is,

And bearing of himself the cross, he went out to the Place being called “Of a Skull”, in Hebrew called “Golgotha”.

Τότε οὖν παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν αὐτοῖς ἵνα σταυρωθῇ.  Παρέλαβον οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν (John 19:16)

Title:  So Then He Handed Him Over to Them so That He Might Be Crucified.  So They Took Jesus.

The text is, “Τότε οὖν παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν αὐτοῖς ἵνα σταυρωθῇ.  Παρέλαβον οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν”.

Τότε -> temporal adverb -> then

οὖν -> coordinating inferential conjunction -> so

παρέδωκεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> he handed over

αὐτὸν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> him

αὐτοῖς -> third person, personal, masculine, plural, dative pronoun -> to them

ἵνα -> subordinating purposive conjunction -> so that

σταυρωθῇ -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, subjunctive verb -> he might be crucified

Παρέλαβον -> third person, plural, aorist, active, indicative verb -> they took

οὖν ->coordinating inferential conjunction -> so

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article -> the NRIEH

Ἰησοῦν -> masculine, singular, accusative, proper noun -> Jesus

The meaning of this verse is,

So then he handed him over to them, so that he might be crucified.  So they took Jesus.