Title -> Jesus Answered and Said to Him

The text is, “ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ταῦτα οὐ γινώσκεις”

ἀπεκρίθη -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb -> answered

Ἰησοῦς -> third person, masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

εἶπεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

σὺ -> second person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun -> you

εἶ -> second person, singular, present, indicative verb -> are

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the

διδάσκαλος -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> teacher

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> theNRIEH**

Ἰσραὴλ -> masculine, singular, genitive, proper noun -> Israel

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

ταῦτα -> neuter, plural, accusative, demonstrative pronoun -> these things

οὐ -> negative particle -> not

γινώσκεις -> second person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> you do understand

The meaning of this verse is,

Jesus answered and said to him, ‘You are the teacher of Israel, and these things you do not understand?’”

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title-> Nicodemus Answered and Said to Him

The text is, “Ἀπεκρίθη Νικόδημος καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· πῶς δύναται ταῦτα γενέσθαι”

Ἀπεκρίθη-> third person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb -> said

Νικόδημος-> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Nicodemus

καὶ-> coordinating conjunction -> and

εἶπεν-> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> said

αὐτῷ-> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

πῶς-> interrogative particle -> how

δύναται-> third person, singular, present, passive, indicative verb -> can

ταῦτα-> neuter, plural, nominative, demonstrative pronoun -> these things

γενέσθαι-> aorist, middle, infinitive verb -> come to be

The meaning of this verse is,

And Nicodemus said to him, ‘How can these things be?’

Title -> The Spirit Blows Where He Wishes

The text “is, τὸ πνεῦμα ὅπου θέλει πνεῖ καὶ τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ ἀκούεις, ἀλλ’ οὐκ οἶδας πόθεν ἔρχεται καὶ ποῦ ὑπάγει· οὕτως ἐστὶν πᾶς ὁ γεγεννημένος ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος”.

τὸ -> neuter, singular, nominative article -> the

πνεῦμα -> neuter, singular, nominative noun -> Spirit

ὅπου -> adverb of place -> where

θέλει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> he wishes

πνεῖ -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> blows

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

τὴν -> feminine, singular, accusative article -> the

φωνὴν -> feminine, singular, accusative noun -> voice or sound

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, neuter, singular, genitive pronoun -> of it

ἀκούεις -> second person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> you hear or you heed

ἀλλ’ -> coordinating adversative conjunction -> but

οὐκ -> negative particle -> not

οἶδας -> second person, singular, perfect, active, indicative verb -> you do know

πόθεν -> interrogative particle -> from where

ἔρχεται -> third person, singular, present, middle, indicative verb -> it comes

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

ποῦ -> interrogative article -> where

ὑπάγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> it goes

οὕτως -> demonstrative adverb -> so

ἐστὶν -> third person, singular, present, indicative verb -> is

πᾶς -> masculine, singular, nominative adjective -> everyone

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> who

γεγεννημένος -> perfect, passive, participial, masculine, singular, nominative -> was being born

ἐκ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word → of

τοῦ -> neuter, singular, genitive article -> the

πνεύματος -> neuter, singular, genitive noun -> Spirit

The meaning of this verse is,

“The Spirit blows where he wishes, and you heed the sound of it, but you do not know from where it comes and where it goes, so is everyone who was being born from the Spirit.”

Title: You Should Not Marvel that I Said

The text is, μὴ θαυμάσῃς ὅτι εἶπόν σοι· δεῖ ὑμᾶς γεννηθῆναι ἄνωθεν”

μὴ-> negative particle -> not

θαυμάσῃς-> second person, singular, aorist, active, subjunctive verb -> you should marvel

ὅτι-> subordinating conjunction -> that

εἶπόν-> first person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> I said

σοι-> second person, personal, singular, dative pronoun -> to you

δεῖ -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative -> it is necessary

  ὑμᾶς-> second person, personal, plural, accusative pronoun -> for you all

γεννηθῆναι-> aorist, passive, infinitive verb -> to be born

ἄνωθεν-> adverb of place -> from above

The meaning of this verse is, You should not marvel that I said to you, ‘It is necessary for you all to be born from above.’

Title -> The One Having Been Born of the Flesh

The text is, τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς σάρξ ἐστιν, καὶ τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος πνεῦμά ἐστιν.

τὸ -> neuter, singular, nominative article -> the

γεγεννημένον -> perfect, passive, participial, neuter, singular, nominative verb -> one having been born

ἐκ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> of

τῆς -> feminine, singular, genitive article -> the

σαρκὸς -> feminine, singular, genitive noun -> flesh

σάρξ -> feminine, singular, nominative noun -> flesh

ἐστιν -> third person, singular, present, indicative verb -> is

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

τὸ -> neuter, singular, nominative article -> the

γεγεννημένον -> perfect, passive, participial, neuter, singular, nominative verb -> one having born

ἐκ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> of

τοῦ -> neuter, singular, genitive article -> the

πνεύματος -> neuter, singular, genitive noun -> Spirit

πνεῦμά -> neuter, singular, nominative noun -> Spirit

ἐστιν -> third person, singular, present, indicative verb -> is

The meaning of this verse is, ‘The one having been born from the flesh is flesh, and the one having been born of the Spirit is Spirit.”

Title -> Jesus Said

The text is, ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, οὐ δύναται εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ”.

ἀπεκρίθη -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb -> said

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

ἀμὴν -> Hebraicized particle -> truly

ἀμὴν -> Hebraicized particle -> truly

λέγω, first person, singular, present, active, indicative noun -> I say

σοι -> second person, singular, dative, personal pronoun to you

ἐὰν -> coordinating conditional conjunction -> unless

μή -> negative particle -> lest NRIEH**

τις -> masculine, singular, nominative, indefinite pronoun -> one

γεννηθῇ -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, subjunctive verb -> should be born

ἐξ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> out of

ὕδατος -> neuter, singular, genitive noun -> water

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

πνεύματος -> neuter, singular, genitive noun -> or spirit

οὐ -> negative particle -> not

δύναται -> third person, present, passive, indicative verb -> he is able

εἰσελθεῖν -> aorist, active, infinitive verb -> to enter

εἰς -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> into

τὴν -> feminine, singular, accusative article -> the

βασιλείαν -> feminine, singular, accusative noun -> kingdom

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the NRIEH

θεοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> of God

The meaning of this verse is,

“Jesus said, ‘Truly, truly, I tell you, unless someone is born of water and spirit, he is not able to enter into the kingdom of God.’”

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title -> Nicodemus Said to Him

The text is, “Λέγει πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Νικόδημος πῶς δύναται ἄνθρωπος γεννηθῆναι γέρων ὤν; μὴ δύναται εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ δεύτερον εἰσελθεῖν καὶ γεννηθῆναι”

Λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> > “says’ CER* said

πρὸς -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> > to

αὐτὸν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> > him

[ὁ] -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> > the NRIEH**

Νικόδημος -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> > Nicodemus

πῶς -> interrogative particle -> > how

δύναται -> third person, singular, present, active indicative verb -> > can

ἄνθρωπος -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> > a man

γεννηθῆναι -> aorist, passive, infinitive verb -> > be born

γέρων -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> > an old man

ὤν -> present, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> > being

μὴ -> negative particle -> > unless

δύναται -> third person, singular, present, passive, indicative verb -> > he can

εἰς -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> > into

τὴν -> feminine, singular, accusative article -> > the

κοιλίαν -> feminine, singular, accusative noun -> > womb

τῆς -> feminine, singular, genitive article -> > the but it is not rendered into English here

μητρὸς -> feminine, singular, genitive noun -> > mother

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> > of his

δεύτερον -> adverb -> > a second time

εἰσελθεῖν -> aorist, indicative, infinitive verb -> > enter

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> > and NRIEH

γεννηθῆναι -> aorist, passive, infinitive verb -> > be born

The meaning of this verse is,

“Nicodemus said to him, ‘How can a man be born, being an old man, unless he can a second time enter the womb of his mother to be born?’”

*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the first example here, the verb “ἔρχεται” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past.  The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title -> Jesus Answered and Said to Him

The text is, “ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν οὐ δύναται ἰδεῖν τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ”.

ἀπεκρίθη -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative verb -> answered

Ἰησοῦς -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Jesus

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

εἶπεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

ἀμὴν -> Hebraicized particle -> truly

ἀμὴν -> Hebraicized particle -> truly

λέγω -> first person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> I tell

σοι -> second person, personal, singular, dative pronoun -> you

ἐὰν -> conditional subordinating conjunction -> unless

μή -> negative particle -> lest

τις -> masculine, singular, nominative, indefinite pronoun → someone

γεννηθῇ -> third person, singular, aorist, passive, subjunctive verb -> were born

ἄνωθεν -> adverb of place -> from above or temporal adverb -> again

οὐ -> negative particle -> not

δύναται -> third person, singular, present, passive, indicative verb -> he is able

ἰδεῖν -> aorist, active, infinitive verb -> to see

τὴν -> feminine, singular, accusative article -> the

βασιλείαν -> feminine, singular, accusative noun -> kingdom

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article -> the, NRIEH**

θεοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> of God

The meaning of this verse is, Jesus replied and said to him, ‘Truly, truly, I tell you, unless someone were born from above, he is not able to see the kingdom of God.'”

**NRIEH: For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  This One Came to Jesus

The text is, “οὗτος ἦλθεν πρὸς αὐτὸν νυκτὸς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· ῥαββί, οἴδαμεν ὅτι ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐλήλυθας διδάσκαλος· οὐδεὶς γὰρ δύναται ταῦτα τὰ σημεῖα ποιεῖν ἃ σὺ ποιεῖς ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ ὁ θεὸς μετ’ αὐτου”.

οὗτος -> masculine, singular, nominative, demonstrative pronoun -> this one

ἦλθεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> came

πρὸς -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> to

αὐτὸν -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, accusative pronoun -> him

νυκτὸς -> feminine, singular, genitive noun -> at night

καὶ -> coordinating conjunction -> and

εἶπεν -> third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative verb -> said

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> to him

ῥαββί -> Hebraicized particle -> Rabbi

οἴδαμεν -> first person, plural, perfect, active, indicative verb -> we know

ὅτι -> subordinating conjunction -> that

ἀπὸ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> from

θεοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun -> God

ἐλήλυθας -> second person, singular, perfect, active, indicative verb -> you are come

διδάσκαλος -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> a teacher

οὐδεὶς -> masculine, singular, nominative, indefinite adjective -> no one

γὰρ -> coordinating explanatory conjunction -> for

δύναται -> third person, singular, present, passive, indicative verb -> is able

ταῦτα -> neuter, plural, accusative, demonstrative pronoun -> these things

τὰ -> neuter, plural, accusative article -> that

σημεῖα -> neuter, plural, accusative noun -> signs

ποιεῖν -> present, active, infinitive verb -> to do

ἃ -> neuter, plural, accusative, relative, definite pronoun -> that

σὺ -> second person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun -> you

ποιεῖς -> second person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> do

ἐὰν -> subordinating conditional conjunction -> unless

μὴ -> negative particle -> lest

ᾖ -> third person, singular, present, subjunctive verb -> he is

ὁ -> masculine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH**

θεὸς: masculine, singular, nominative noun -> God

μετ’ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> with

αὐτοῦ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, genitive pronoun -> him

The meaning of this verse is, “This one came to him at night and said to him, ‘Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher come from God, that no one is able to do these things, the signs that you do, unless God is with him.’”

==========

Note: The confusion borne by the unless unless or unless lest pairing in the final clause, arises from the fact that the first word is ἐὰν, a conditional subordinating conjunction which is sometimes used as an indicator for a subjunctive mood verb, as it is used here, while the word μὴ is a negative particle meaning little more than no or not, but not always, as it also can be used as a conjunction. I have chosen to translate ἐὰν μὴ into English “unless”.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title -> Now There Was a Man

The text is, “Ἦν δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων Νικόδημος ὄνομα αὐτῷ ἄρχων τῶν Ἰουδαίων”.

Ἦν -> third person, singular, imperfect, indicative verb -> there was

δὲ -> coordinating conjunction -> now

ἄνθρωπος -> third person, masculine, singular, nominative noun -> a man

ἐκ -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word -> of

τῶν -> masculine, plural, genitive article -> the

Φαρισαίων -> masculine, plural, nominative, proper noun -> Pharisees

Νικόδημος -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Nicodemus

ὄνομα -> neuter, singular, nominative noun -> named

αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular, dative pronoun -> same one NRIEH*

ἄρχων -> masculine, singular, nominative noun -> a ruler

τῶν -> masculine, plural, genitive article -> of the

Ἰουδαίων -> masculine, plural, genitive, proper noun -> Jews

The meaning of this verse is,

Now there was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.