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Title -> The Samaritan Woman Said to Him
The text is, “λέγει οὖν αὐτῷ ἡ γυνὴ ἡ Σαμαρῖτις· πῶς σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὢν παρ’ ἐμοῦ πεῖν αἰτεῖς γυναικὸς Σαμαρίτιδος οὔσης; οὐ γὰρ συγχρῶνται Ἰουδαῖοι Σαμαρίταις”.
λέγει -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> says CER* said
οὖν -> inferential coordinating conjunction -> thus
αὐτῷ -> third person, personal, masculine, singular dative pronoun -> to him
ἡ -> feminine, singular, nominative article -> the
γυνὴ -> feminine, singular, nominative noun -> woman
ἡ -> feminine, singular, nominative article -> the NRIEH**
Σαμαρῖτις -> feminine, singular, nominative, proper noun -> Samaritan
πῶς -> interrogative particle -> how
σὺ -> second person, personal, singular, nominative pronoun -> you
Ἰουδαῖος -> masculine, singular, nominative, proper adjective -> a Jew
ὢν -> present, participial, masculine, singular, nominative verb -> being
παρ’ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word -> from
ἐμοῦ -> first person, personal, singular, genitive pronoun -> me
πεῖν -> aorist, active, infinitive verb -> to drink
αἰτεῖς -> second person, singular, present, active, indicative verb -> do ask
γυναικὸς -> feminine, singular, genitive noun -> a woman
Σαμαρίτιδος -> feminine, singular, genitive, proper noun -> of Samaria
οὔσης: present, participial, feminine, singular, genitive verb -> being
οὐ -> negative particle -> not
γὰρ -> explanatory coordinating conjunction -> for
συγχρῶνται -> third person, plural, present, middle, indicative verb -> do have dealings
Ἰουδαῖοι -> masculine, plural, nominative, proper noun -> Jews
Σαμαρίταις -> masculine, plural, dative, proper noun -> Samaritans
The meaning of this verse is,
Thus the Samaritan woman said to him, How do you, being Jewish, ask from me, a woman of Samaria, to drink, for Jews do not have dealings with Samaritans.”
*CER: indicates a non-literal, but good translation. In the first example here, the verb “λέγει” is present tense, which in the indicative mood often can be rendered in the aorist tense, since it expresses linear action not in the present but at some point in the past. The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.
**NRIEH: For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.
λέγει οὖν αὐτῷ ἡ γυνὴ ἡ Σαμαρῖτις (John 4:9) by Dennis Glover is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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