Title: And Every Spirit who Does not Confess Jesus From God, this is the Very Antichrist

The text is, “ καὶ πᾶν πνεῦμα ὃ μὴ ὁμολογεῖ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν· καὶ τοῦτό ἐστιν   ἀντιχρίστου ὃ ἀκηκόατε ὅτι ἔρχεται, καὶ νῦν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐστὶν ἤδη.”

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction → and

πᾶν -> neuter, singular, nominative adjective → every

πνεῦμα -> neuter, singular, nominative noun → spirit

ὃ -> neuter, singular, nominative, relative, definite pronoun → who

μὴ -> negative particle ->does not

ὁμολογεῖ -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb → confesses

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article → the **NRIEH

Ἰησοῦν ->masculine, singular, accusative, proper noun → Jesus

ἐκ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word → from

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article → the NRIEH

θεοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun → God

οὐκ -> negative particle → notἔστιν· -> third person, singular, present, indicative verb → is

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction → and

τοῦτό -> neuter, singular, nominative, demonstrative pronoun → this

ἐστιν -> third person, singular, indicative verb → is

τὸ -> neuter, singular, nominative article → the

τοῦ -> neuter, singular, genitive article → the CER* very

ἀντιχρίστ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun → antichrist

ὃ -> neuter, singular, accusative, relative, definite pronoun → which

ἀκηκόατε -> second person, plural, perfect, active, indicative verb → you all heard

ὅτι ->subordinating complementary conjunction → that

ἔρχεται, -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative very → he comes

καὶ -> coordinating additive conjunction → and

νῦν -> temporal adverb → now

ἐν -> preposition taking the dative for its object word → in

τῷ -> masculine, singular, dative article → the

κόσμῳ -> masculine, singular, dative noun → world

ἐστὶν -> third person, singular, indicative verb → is

ἤδη. -> temporal adverb → already

The meaning of this verse is,

And every spirit who does not confess Jesus is not from God, and this is the very antichrist which you all heard that he comes, and is now already in the world.”

*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the example here, the pair of articles “τὸ τοῦ” is a way to intensify the identification of the one to whom reference is made so that there is no mistaking that it is the spirit of the antichrist who denies that Christ is from God.  This is the translation in the English Standard Version, for example,; this translator chose to express the same thought slightly differently.  The  designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. Another example is the use of “doubled negatives” or “negations” in Greek, which are not translated except in the correct English usage.  The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title: By This You Know the Spirit of God

The text is, “ἐν τούτῳ γινώσκετε τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ· πᾶν πνεῦμα ὃ ὁμολογεῖ Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐν σαρκὶ ἐληλυθότα ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν”.

ἐν -> preposition taking the dative for its object word → by

τούτῳ -> neuter, singular, dative, demonstrative pronoun → this

γινώσκετε -> second person, plural, present, active, imperative verb → you know

τὸ -> neuter, singular, accusative article → the

πνεῦμα -> neuter, singular, accusative noun → Spirit

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article → the **NRIEH

θεοῦ· -> masculine, singular, genitive noun → of God

πᾶν -> neuter, singular, nominative adjective → every

πνεῦμα -> neuter, singular, nominative noun → spirit

ὃ -> neuter, singular, nominative, relative, definite pronoun → who

ὁμολογεῖ -> third person, singular, present, active, indicative verb → confesses

ησοῦν -> masculine, singular, accusative, proper noun → Jesus

Χριστὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative, proper noun → Christ

ἐν -> preposition taking the dative for its object word → in

σαρκὶ -> feminine, singular, dative noun → flesh

ἐληλυθότα -> perfect, active, participial, masculine, singular, accusative verb → having come

ἐκ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word → from

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article → the **NRIEH

θεοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun → God

ἐστιν → third person, singular, indicative verb → is

The meaning of this verse is,

By this you know the Spirit of God: every spirit who confesses Jesus Christ having come in the flesh is from God.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. Another example is the use of “doubled negatives” or “negations” in Greek, which are not translated except in the correct English usage.  The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.

Title:  Beloved, Do Not Trust Every Spirit

The text is, “Ἀγαπητοί, μὴ παντὶ πνεύματι πιστεύετε ἀλλὰ δοκιμάζετε τὰ πνεύματα εἰ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν, ὅτι πολλοὶ ψευδοπροφῆται ἐξεληλύθασιν εἰς τὸν κόσμον”.

Ἀγαπητοί -> masculine, plural, vocative, verbal adjective → beloved

μὴ → negative particle → not

παντὶ -> neuter, singular, dative adjective → every

πνεύματι -> neuter, singular, dative noun → spirit

πιστεύετε -> second person, plural, present, active, imperative verb → do trust

ἀλλὰ -> coordinating adversative conjunction → but

δοκιμάζετε -> second person, plural, present, active, imperative verb → test

τὰ -> neuter, plural, accusative article → the

πνεύματα -> neuter, plural, accusative noun → spirits

εἰ -> subordinating complementary conjunction-> whether

ἐκ -> preposition taking the genitive for its object word → from

τοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive article → the **NRIEH

θεοῦ -> masculine, singular, genitive noun → GOD

ἐστιν -> third person, singular, present, indicative verb → it is CER* they are

ὅτ -> subordinating, causative conjunction → because

πολλοὶ -> masculine, plural, nominative adjective → many

ψευδοπροφῆται -> masculine, plural, nominative noun → false prophets

ἐξεληλύθασιν -> third person, plural, perfect, indicative verb → have come out

εἰς -> preposition taking the accusative for its object word → into

τὸν -> masculine, singular, accusative article → the

κόσμον -> masculine, singular, accusative noun → world

The meaning of this verse is,

Beloved, do not trust every spirit, but test the spirits, whether they are from God, because many false prophets have come out into the world.”

.*CER:  indicates a non-literal, but good translation.  In the  example here, the verb “ἐστιν”, which is singular in number, but the noun “πνεύματα” is in the accusative  case and therefore clearly the direct object of the verb and is plural in number.  Therefore the rendering of the verb “ἐστιν” in this case is in the plural number .  The designation CER is equivalent to “Contextual English Rendering”.

**NRIEH:  For the sake of clarity the word is translated into English, but to avoid such odd constructions as applying a definite article (“the”) to a substantive sufficiently determined by its being a proper noun, or by the use of a qualifier other than the definite article. An example would be the basic translation “Peter said to the Jesus”; the word “the” is completely unnecessary. There are many examples of this in the New Testament. Another example is the use of “doubled negatives” or “negations” in Greek, which are not translated except in the correct English usage.  The designation NRIEH is equivalent to “Not Rendered Into English Here”.